AP BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
eukaryotic cells - Answer-contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by
membranes
ribosomes - Answer-non membrane bounded organelles responsible for protein
synthesis
mitochondria - Answer-powerhouse of the cell, produces energy (ATP) from oxygen and
sugar
prokaryotic - Answer-describes a cell that does not have a nucleus or anyother
membrane-covered organelles; also called bacteria
thylakoids - Answer-A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert
light energy to chemical energy
photosynthesis - Answer-process by which plants and some other organisms use light
energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates
such as sugars and starches
autotrophs - Answer-organisms that make their own food
CAM plants - Answer-store the organic acids made at night in vacuoles and use them
for photosynthesis during the day when stomata are closed
hybridization - Answer-the act of mixing different species or varieties of animals or
plants and thus to produce hybrids
alleles - Answer-different forms of a gene
heterozygous - Answer-having two different alleles for a trait
pleiotrophy - Answer-the ability of a single gene to have multiple effects
operon - Answer-a group of genes that operate together
cell differentiation - Answer-the process of cell specialization
homeotic genes - Answer-any of the genes that control the overall body plan of animals
and plants by controlling the developmental fate of groups of cells
oncogenes - Answer-cancer-causing genes
, community - Answer-a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region
and interacting with each other
niche - Answer-the status of an organism within its environment and community
(affecting its survival as a species)
mimicry - Answer-the resemblance of an animal species to another species or to natural
objects
keystone species - Answer-a species that influences the survival of many other species
in an ecosystem
geographic variation - Answer-differences in the genetic composition of separate
populations
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium - Answer-theory of a stable, nonevolving population in
which frequency of alleles do not change; only occurs in large, isolated populations with
random mating, and no natural selection or mutations
gene flow - Answer-movement of alleles into or out of a population due to the migration
of individuals to or from the population
disruptive selection - Answer-form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into
two; occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have
higher fitness than individuals near the middle
vascular tissue - Answer-tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the plant
body in higher plants
bryophyte - Answer-nonvascular plant; examples are mosses and their relatives
seed - Answer-embryo of a living plant that is encased in a protective covering and
surrounded by a food supply
roots - Answer-underground organs that absorb water and minerals
invertebrates - Answer-animals without a backbone
hermaphrodite - Answer-individual that has both male and female reproductive organs
complete metamorphosis - Answer-the transformation of a larva into an adult that looks
very different, and often functions very differently in its environment, than the larva
transcription - Answer-process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is
copied into a complementary sequence in mRNA
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
eukaryotic cells - Answer-contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by
membranes
ribosomes - Answer-non membrane bounded organelles responsible for protein
synthesis
mitochondria - Answer-powerhouse of the cell, produces energy (ATP) from oxygen and
sugar
prokaryotic - Answer-describes a cell that does not have a nucleus or anyother
membrane-covered organelles; also called bacteria
thylakoids - Answer-A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert
light energy to chemical energy
photosynthesis - Answer-process by which plants and some other organisms use light
energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates
such as sugars and starches
autotrophs - Answer-organisms that make their own food
CAM plants - Answer-store the organic acids made at night in vacuoles and use them
for photosynthesis during the day when stomata are closed
hybridization - Answer-the act of mixing different species or varieties of animals or
plants and thus to produce hybrids
alleles - Answer-different forms of a gene
heterozygous - Answer-having two different alleles for a trait
pleiotrophy - Answer-the ability of a single gene to have multiple effects
operon - Answer-a group of genes that operate together
cell differentiation - Answer-the process of cell specialization
homeotic genes - Answer-any of the genes that control the overall body plan of animals
and plants by controlling the developmental fate of groups of cells
oncogenes - Answer-cancer-causing genes
, community - Answer-a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region
and interacting with each other
niche - Answer-the status of an organism within its environment and community
(affecting its survival as a species)
mimicry - Answer-the resemblance of an animal species to another species or to natural
objects
keystone species - Answer-a species that influences the survival of many other species
in an ecosystem
geographic variation - Answer-differences in the genetic composition of separate
populations
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium - Answer-theory of a stable, nonevolving population in
which frequency of alleles do not change; only occurs in large, isolated populations with
random mating, and no natural selection or mutations
gene flow - Answer-movement of alleles into or out of a population due to the migration
of individuals to or from the population
disruptive selection - Answer-form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into
two; occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have
higher fitness than individuals near the middle
vascular tissue - Answer-tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the plant
body in higher plants
bryophyte - Answer-nonvascular plant; examples are mosses and their relatives
seed - Answer-embryo of a living plant that is encased in a protective covering and
surrounded by a food supply
roots - Answer-underground organs that absorb water and minerals
invertebrates - Answer-animals without a backbone
hermaphrodite - Answer-individual that has both male and female reproductive organs
complete metamorphosis - Answer-the transformation of a larva into an adult that looks
very different, and often functions very differently in its environment, than the larva
transcription - Answer-process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is
copied into a complementary sequence in mRNA
