ULTIMATE AP BIOLOGY EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
List 8 organelles found in the cell and their functions - Answer-Mitochondria- the site of
cellular respiration,
a metabolic process that uses oxygen to generate ATP
Chloroplast- found in plants and algae, are the sites of photosynthesis
Nucleus- contains most of the cell's genes
and is usually the most conspicuous organelle
Endoplasmic Recticulum- accounts for more than half of the total membrane in many.
The Smooth ER Synthesizes lipids, Metabolizes carbohydrates, Detoxifies drugs and
poisons, and Stores calcium ions. The Rough ER - Has bound ribosomes, which
secrete glycoproteins (proteins covalently bonded to carbohydrates), Distributes
transport vesicles, proteins surrounded by membranes, and Is a membrane factory for
the cell
eukaryotic cells
Golgi Apparatus- consists of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae. It Modifies
products of the ER, Manufactures certain macromolecules, and Sorts and packages
materials into transport vesicles
Plasma membrane- selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients,
and waste to service the volume of every cell
Lysosome- a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest
macromolecules
Vacuole- Food vacuoles are formed by phagocytosis. Contractile vacuoles, found in
many freshwater protists, pump excess water out of cells. Central vacuoles, found in
many mature plant cells, hold organic compounds and water
What are the differences between diffusion and active transport? - Answer-Diffusion is
the spontaneous movement of particles across the membrane from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration. Active transport is the movement of
particles from either low to high or high to low, using the help of transport molecules. IT
REQUIRES ENERGY
The three steps in respiration are....
Glycolysis starts with.... and produces....
Krebs cycle starts with... and produces....
Where do the following occur:
, glycolysis
Krebs cycle
ETC - Answer-Glycolysis (cytosol), Krebs cycle (in mitochondrial fluid), Electron
Transport Chain (mitochondria fold membrane)
Glucose starts with 2 ATP and 1 glucose and produces 2 pyruvate and a net production
of 2 ATP
What are the two major parts of photosynthesis? Where does each part occur?
What enters the light reactions? What is produced?
What enters the Calvin cycle? What is produced? - Answer-Light reactions (lumen) and
dark reactions (Calvin Cycle (me).
List the phases of mitosis
List the parts of the cell cycle - Answer-The phases of mitosis: Interphase (G0, G1, S,
G2) and mitosis (prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase,
cytokinesis)
Define hypoosmotic, hyperosmotic, and isomotic - Answer-1. Has a lower concentration
of solutes than its surrounding enviorment
2. Has a higher concentration of solutes than its surrounding enviroment
3. Has equal concentration
What is chemiosmosis?
What is photophosphorylation? - Answer-The movement of ions across a selectively
permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient
The use of light energy from photosynthesis to ultimately provide the energy to convert
ADP to ATP, thus replenishing the universal energy currency in living things.
What is the difference between meiosis I and meisosis II - Answer-Meiosis I includes
crossing over and independent assortment, where as II does not. Meiosis I is the
transition from a 4n to a 2n, II is a transition from a 2n to an n.
What are the dinfferences between aneuploidy, polyploidy, and structural alterations in
chromosomes? What is the difference between a linked and unlinked gene? - Answer-
Aneuploidy is when there are extra or missing copies of chromosomes. Polyploidy is
when you have more than two sets of chromosomes per nucleus. Linked genes are
genes that are located on the same chromosome and, as a result, travel together during
inheritance and do not reassort in the individual, whereas unlinked genes are not
connected and reassort independently meaning they are inherited separately.
What are the differences between exponential growth and logistic growth? - Answer-
Exponential growth- (r-growth)- Big bang growth, not considering the carrying capacity
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
List 8 organelles found in the cell and their functions - Answer-Mitochondria- the site of
cellular respiration,
a metabolic process that uses oxygen to generate ATP
Chloroplast- found in plants and algae, are the sites of photosynthesis
Nucleus- contains most of the cell's genes
and is usually the most conspicuous organelle
Endoplasmic Recticulum- accounts for more than half of the total membrane in many.
The Smooth ER Synthesizes lipids, Metabolizes carbohydrates, Detoxifies drugs and
poisons, and Stores calcium ions. The Rough ER - Has bound ribosomes, which
secrete glycoproteins (proteins covalently bonded to carbohydrates), Distributes
transport vesicles, proteins surrounded by membranes, and Is a membrane factory for
the cell
eukaryotic cells
Golgi Apparatus- consists of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae. It Modifies
products of the ER, Manufactures certain macromolecules, and Sorts and packages
materials into transport vesicles
Plasma membrane- selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients,
and waste to service the volume of every cell
Lysosome- a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest
macromolecules
Vacuole- Food vacuoles are formed by phagocytosis. Contractile vacuoles, found in
many freshwater protists, pump excess water out of cells. Central vacuoles, found in
many mature plant cells, hold organic compounds and water
What are the differences between diffusion and active transport? - Answer-Diffusion is
the spontaneous movement of particles across the membrane from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration. Active transport is the movement of
particles from either low to high or high to low, using the help of transport molecules. IT
REQUIRES ENERGY
The three steps in respiration are....
Glycolysis starts with.... and produces....
Krebs cycle starts with... and produces....
Where do the following occur:
, glycolysis
Krebs cycle
ETC - Answer-Glycolysis (cytosol), Krebs cycle (in mitochondrial fluid), Electron
Transport Chain (mitochondria fold membrane)
Glucose starts with 2 ATP and 1 glucose and produces 2 pyruvate and a net production
of 2 ATP
What are the two major parts of photosynthesis? Where does each part occur?
What enters the light reactions? What is produced?
What enters the Calvin cycle? What is produced? - Answer-Light reactions (lumen) and
dark reactions (Calvin Cycle (me).
List the phases of mitosis
List the parts of the cell cycle - Answer-The phases of mitosis: Interphase (G0, G1, S,
G2) and mitosis (prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase,
cytokinesis)
Define hypoosmotic, hyperosmotic, and isomotic - Answer-1. Has a lower concentration
of solutes than its surrounding enviorment
2. Has a higher concentration of solutes than its surrounding enviroment
3. Has equal concentration
What is chemiosmosis?
What is photophosphorylation? - Answer-The movement of ions across a selectively
permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient
The use of light energy from photosynthesis to ultimately provide the energy to convert
ADP to ATP, thus replenishing the universal energy currency in living things.
What is the difference between meiosis I and meisosis II - Answer-Meiosis I includes
crossing over and independent assortment, where as II does not. Meiosis I is the
transition from a 4n to a 2n, II is a transition from a 2n to an n.
What are the dinfferences between aneuploidy, polyploidy, and structural alterations in
chromosomes? What is the difference between a linked and unlinked gene? - Answer-
Aneuploidy is when there are extra or missing copies of chromosomes. Polyploidy is
when you have more than two sets of chromosomes per nucleus. Linked genes are
genes that are located on the same chromosome and, as a result, travel together during
inheritance and do not reassort in the individual, whereas unlinked genes are not
connected and reassort independently meaning they are inherited separately.
What are the differences between exponential growth and logistic growth? - Answer-
Exponential growth- (r-growth)- Big bang growth, not considering the carrying capacity
