PMC EXAM 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
1. NaHCO3 reabsorption mainly takes place in - Answers :c. Proximal Convoluted
Tubule
2. Thiazides work in which of the following part of the nephron? - Answers :d. Distal
Convoluted Tubule
3. What are the 6 types of diuretic agents? - Answers :a. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
(CAI)
b. Osmotic agents
c. Loop diuretics
d. Thiazides
e. Aldosterone blockers
f. ADH blockers
4. Thiazides mainly act on: - Answers :DCT
5. Lasix (Furosemide) is a - Answers :b. Loop Diuretic
6. Diamox (Acetazolamide) causes: - Answers :b. Increased excretion of NaHCO3
7. Furosemide can cause: - Answers :b. Hypomagnesimia
8. Spironolactone can result in: - Answers :a. HyperKalemia and metabolic acidosis
9. What happen when there is more uric acid in blood (in other words when uric acid
reabsorption is high / uric acid excretion is low)? - Answers :a. Hyperuricemia and gout
10. Thiazides _________________________and _________________ - Answers
:block Na+ Cl- reabsorption and increase Ca 2+ reabsorption via an indirect mechanism
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI)
- Prototypic drug
- Site of action
- Mechanism of action - Answers :acetazolamide
PCT
inhibits CA
Osmotic agents
- Prototypic drug: Mannitol
- Site of action:
- Mechanism of action: - Answers :Mannitol
PCT, descending limb, and collecting duct
, hypertonic creates osmotic pressure and draws water out from the blood
Loop diuretics
- Prototypic drug:
- Site of action:
- Mechanism of action: - Answers :Furosemide (Lasix)
Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
blocks NKCC2
Thiazides
- Prototypic drug:
- Site of action:
- Mechanism of action: - Answers :Hydrochlorothiazide
DCT
Block Nacl reabsorption, allows Ca2+ reabsorption
K+ sparing diuretics / Aldosterone blockers
- Prototypic drug:
- Site of action:
- Mechanism of action: - Answers :Spironolactone
Cortical collecting tubule
binding to aldosterone receptor inhibits Na from urine to cell which causes less
potassium com to the cell from blood.
Vasopressin antagonists / ADH blockers
- Prototypic drug:
- Site of action:
- Mechanism of action: - Answers :Lithium, Conivaptan etc.
Medullary collecting tubule
1. What ion is the intended target for increased water excretion via diuretics? - Answers
:a. Na+
b. Increase urine flow typically through increased renal solute (principally Na+) and
water excretion
Osmotic MOLECULR TARGET - Answers :Not applicable
CA Inhibitors MOLECULR TARGET - Answers :CA -> inhibit Na+/H+ exchanger
Thiazide MOLECULR TARGET - Answers :Inhibit Na+/Cl- symporter (NCC)
Loop MOLECULR TARGET - Answers :Inhibit Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC2)
K+ sparing -1 MOLECULR TARGET - Answers :Indirect: some inhibit the
aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor
1. NaHCO3 reabsorption mainly takes place in - Answers :c. Proximal Convoluted
Tubule
2. Thiazides work in which of the following part of the nephron? - Answers :d. Distal
Convoluted Tubule
3. What are the 6 types of diuretic agents? - Answers :a. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
(CAI)
b. Osmotic agents
c. Loop diuretics
d. Thiazides
e. Aldosterone blockers
f. ADH blockers
4. Thiazides mainly act on: - Answers :DCT
5. Lasix (Furosemide) is a - Answers :b. Loop Diuretic
6. Diamox (Acetazolamide) causes: - Answers :b. Increased excretion of NaHCO3
7. Furosemide can cause: - Answers :b. Hypomagnesimia
8. Spironolactone can result in: - Answers :a. HyperKalemia and metabolic acidosis
9. What happen when there is more uric acid in blood (in other words when uric acid
reabsorption is high / uric acid excretion is low)? - Answers :a. Hyperuricemia and gout
10. Thiazides _________________________and _________________ - Answers
:block Na+ Cl- reabsorption and increase Ca 2+ reabsorption via an indirect mechanism
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI)
- Prototypic drug
- Site of action
- Mechanism of action - Answers :acetazolamide
PCT
inhibits CA
Osmotic agents
- Prototypic drug: Mannitol
- Site of action:
- Mechanism of action: - Answers :Mannitol
PCT, descending limb, and collecting duct
, hypertonic creates osmotic pressure and draws water out from the blood
Loop diuretics
- Prototypic drug:
- Site of action:
- Mechanism of action: - Answers :Furosemide (Lasix)
Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
blocks NKCC2
Thiazides
- Prototypic drug:
- Site of action:
- Mechanism of action: - Answers :Hydrochlorothiazide
DCT
Block Nacl reabsorption, allows Ca2+ reabsorption
K+ sparing diuretics / Aldosterone blockers
- Prototypic drug:
- Site of action:
- Mechanism of action: - Answers :Spironolactone
Cortical collecting tubule
binding to aldosterone receptor inhibits Na from urine to cell which causes less
potassium com to the cell from blood.
Vasopressin antagonists / ADH blockers
- Prototypic drug:
- Site of action:
- Mechanism of action: - Answers :Lithium, Conivaptan etc.
Medullary collecting tubule
1. What ion is the intended target for increased water excretion via diuretics? - Answers
:a. Na+
b. Increase urine flow typically through increased renal solute (principally Na+) and
water excretion
Osmotic MOLECULR TARGET - Answers :Not applicable
CA Inhibitors MOLECULR TARGET - Answers :CA -> inhibit Na+/H+ exchanger
Thiazide MOLECULR TARGET - Answers :Inhibit Na+/Cl- symporter (NCC)
Loop MOLECULR TARGET - Answers :Inhibit Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC2)
K+ sparing -1 MOLECULR TARGET - Answers :Indirect: some inhibit the
aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor
