action:
In his study entitled "Theory of Communicative
Action" (1981) Habermas turns aside from the
Marx paradigm. He creates a new theory that,
regarding its format, he compares with the
Parsons' theory in the preface. He first gives the
definition of the general categories of human
knowledge and action and then proceeds by
deducing social categories. Likewise, in the
introductory part, Habermas pays tribute to
sociology as the only one among social sciences
that has managed to preserve a high level
thanks to the concept of "rationality" ("mind"
in the philosophical sense) as the center of its
research.
, Habermas's theory of communicative action
represents a critical synthesis of the leading
sociological theories, primarily of those of
Parsons, Weber and Marx. His general
theoretical objective is to link the
communicative action theory, as a variant of
the action theory, with the system theory into a
comprehensive approach to the social theory.
On the basis of his analysis of the leading
sociological theories, Habermas builds a
conceptual analytical apparatus of his new
theory of society. In that sense, he elaborates
the basic concepts such as social action,
interests, life world, social system, regulation as
communication, etc. Regarding differences in
the character of actions, Habermas
distinguishes four forms of action, namely,