TEST BANK Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions 7/E by Margaret Frazier
b b b b b b b b b b b
Chapter b01:bMechanismsbofbDisease,bDiagnosis,bandbTreatment
Frazier bandbFuqua:bEssentials bofbHumanbDiseasesbandbConditions,b7thbEdition
MULTIPLEbCHOICE
1. Signsb of b disease
a. alwaysb causeb symptoms.
b. rarelyb correlateb withb symptoms.
c. includeb abnormalb objectiveb findings.
d. areb alwaysb described b byb theb patient.
ANS:b C
Signs,b orb abnormalb objectiveb findings,b areb theb evidenceb of bdiseaseb found b byb physicalb examinati
onb and b diagnosticb testing.b Signsb of b diseaseb oftenb correlateb withb theb symptoms.
REF:b b p.b 2 OBJ:b b 2
2. Predisposingb factorsb of b disease
a. preciselyb predict b theb occurrenceb of b disease.
b. makeb ab personb orb groupb moreb vulnerableb tob disease.
c. neverb overlapb orb occurb inb combination.
d. canb allb beb controlled b byb prevention.
ANS:b B
A b personb mayb beb susceptibleb tobab greaterborblesserb degree,b becauseb ofboneborb moreb riskb factorsb th
at b overlapb orb occurb inb combination.b Predisposingb factorsb includeb age,b gender,b lifestyle,b environ
ment,b heredity,b and b immunodeficiency.
REF:b b p.b 2 OBJ:b b 3
3. Geneticb diseasesb mayb be
a. produced b byb anb abnormalityb inb orb mutationb of b theb geneticb codeb inb ab singleb gene.
b. caused b bybseveralb abnormalb genes.
c. caused b bybtheb abnormalb presenceb orb absenceb ofb abchromosomeb orb anbalterationb ofb t
heb structureb of b chromosomes.
d. Allb of b theb answerb options
ANS:b D
Geneticb predispositionb (inheritance)b currentlyb isb considered b ab majorb riskb factor.b Hereditaryb fact
orsb inb diseaseb that b appearb regularlyb inb successiveb generationsb areb likelyb tobaffectb malesb andb fema
lesb equally.b Hereditaryb orb geneticb diseasesb oftenb developb asbab result b ofbthebcombined b effectsb ofbi
nheritanceb and b environmentalb factors.
REF:b b p.b 6 OBJ:b b 8
4. Whichb statement b isb trueb of b benignb tumors?
a. Tend b tob remainb encapsulated
b. Infiltrateb surroundingb tissue
c. Dob not b compressb surroundingb tissueb orb obstruct b organs
d. Dob not b resembleb theb tissueb of b origin
, ANS:b A
Benignb tumorsb usuallybdevelopb slowlyb andb canb arisebfromb anyb tissue.b Theybtendb tob remainb e
ncapsulated b and b dob not b infiltrateb surroundingb tissue.
REF:b b p.b 7 OBJ:b b 7
5. Whichb statement b isb trueb of b malignant b tumors?
a. Tend b tob infiltrateb otherb tissue.
b. Tend b tob bleed,b ulcerate,b and b becomeb infected.
c. Mayb spread b tob distant b sitesb inb theb body.
d. Allb of b theb answerb options
ANS:b D
Malignant b tumorsb canb represent b ab seriousb threatbtobtheb healthb andb lifeb ofb ab person.bCancerb cellsb a
reb variableb inb appearanceb and bdisorderlyb (anaplastic)b andbtend btob bleed,b ulcerate,b and b becomeb in
fected.b Malignant b tumorsb haveb theb abilityb tob infiltrateb and b invadeb theb surroundingb tissue.
Oftenb malignant b cellsb enterb theb bloodstreamb orbtheb lymphaticb vesselsb andb spreadbtobdistant b s
itesb inb theb bodyb leadingb tob tumorb growthb inb otherb areasb of b theb body.
REF:b b p.b 8 OBJ:b b 7
6. Whichb statement b isb trueb regardingb theb TNMb (tumor,b nodes,b metastasis)b cancerb stagingb system?
a. Assessesb theb sizeb and b extent b of b theb spread b of b theb primaryb tumor.
b. Isb ab gradingb systemb based b onb theb degreeb of b differentiationb of b tumorb cells.
c. Bothb answerb optionsb areb true.
d. Neitherb answerb optionsb areb true.
ANS:b A
Althoughb ab numberb of b different b stagingb systemsb exist,b theb majorityb of bcancersb useb ab TNMb syste
m.b TNMb stagingb assessesb theb neoplasmb inb threeb different b areas:b theb sizeb orb extent b of b theb primar
ybtumorb (T),b theb extent b ofbregionalb lymphb nodebinvolvement b byb thebtumorb (N),b andbthebnumberbo
f b distant b metastasesb (M).
REF:b b p.b 10 OBJ:b b 10
7. Theb tumorb Gleasonb gradeb reflectsb whichb informationb about b theb tumor?
a. Stage
b. Degreeb of b abnormalb microscopicb appearanceb of b theb cells
c. Location
d. Noneb of b theb answerb options
ANS:b B
Theb Gleasonb gradeb correlatesb withb extentb ofbdiseaseb throughoutb thebbodybandbwithb prognosis.b A
nalysisb of b prostateb tumorb histologyb isb performed,b andbthebtwob predominant b patternsb areb recorde
d b and b scored b fromb 1b tob 5b (1b representsb ab well-
differentiated b histology;b 5b isb theb most b poorlyb differentiated).
REF:b b p.b 12 OBJ:b b 10
8. Whichb statement b correctlyb statesb theb sequenceb of b anb allergicb responseb withinb theb body?
a. Immunoglobulinb Eb (IgE)b antibodiesb enterb theb bodyb and b produceb anb allergen.
b. Theb releaseb of b histamineb sensitizesb mast b cellsb and b producesb symptoms.
, c. Exposureb tob allergenb stimulatesb productionb ofbIgEbantibodiesbthatb canbsubsequentlybt
riggerb symptomsb of b allergy.
d. Histamineb producesb mast b cells,b whichb stimulateb plasmab cells.
ANS:b C
Initialb exposureb tob anb allergen,b whichb actsbasbanb antigenb (ab substanceb that b causesb theb allergicb respons
e),b stimulatesb theb productionb of b IgEb antibodies,b and b theb personb thusb isb sensitized.
REF:b b p.b 14 OBJ:b b 14
9. Systemicb manifestation(s)b of b severeb allergicb responsesb includeb whichb problem?
a. Arthralgia
b. Statusb asthmaticus
c. Anaphylaxis
d. Allb of b theb answerb options
ANS:b D
Severeb systemicb manifestationsb of b allergicb responsesb includeb anaphylaxis,b serumb sickness,b art
hralgia,b and b statusb asthmaticus.b Forbexample,b anaphylaxisb (anaphylacticb shock),b thebresult b ofbab
severeb systemicb allergicb reaction,b callsb forb emergencyb life-savingb intervention.
REF:b b p.b 14 OBJ:b b 14
10. Whichb orderb of b stepsb isb most b accurateb whenb makingb ab diagnosis?
a. Medicalb history,b physicalb examination,b diagnosticb tests,bdiagnosis,b integrationb of b
results,b treatment
b. Medicalb history,b diagnosticb tests,b physicalb examination,b treatment b plan
c. Physicalb examination,b medicalb history,b radiographs,b prognosis,b integrationb of b allbi
nformation
d. Comparisonb of b normals,b physicalb examination,b history,b treatment b plan,b prognosis
ANS:b A
Establishingb ab diagnosisb isb ab decision-
makingb processb inb whichb datab collected b fromb thebmedicalb history,b physicalb examination,b and b di
agnosticb testsb areb analyzed,b integrated,bandbinterpreted.bAbdiagnosisb providesb ablogicalb basisb forb
determiningb treatment b and b prognosis.
REF:b b p.b 16 OBJ:b b 16
11. Mechanicalb and b chemicalb barriers,b theb inflammatoryb response,b and b theb immuneb responseb are
a. riskb factorsb forb disease.
b. theb combined b effectsb of b inheritanceb and b environmentalb factors.
c. included b inb theb body’sb naturalb defenseb systemb against b infection.
d. agentsb that b damageb deoxyribonucleicb acid.
ANS:b C
Theb body’sb naturalb defenseb systemsb against binfectionb includeb (1)b naturalb mechanicalb and b chemi
calb barriers,b suchb asb skin,b theb cilia,b bodyb pH,b and bnormalb bodybflora;b (2)b theb inflammatoryb respo
nse;b and b (3)b theb immuneb response.
REF:b b p.b 3 OBJ:b b 4
, 12. Immuneb disordersb areb theb result bof babbreakdownbinb thebbody’sb defensebsystemb that bmaybg
enerateb whichb problems?
a. Allergies
b. Autoimmuneb diseases
c. Immunodeficiencyb disorders
d. Allb of b theb answerb options
ANS:b D
Theb immuneb systemb isb ab complexb networkb of b specialized b cellsb andb organsbthatbhasb evolved btob defend
b theb bodyb against b attacksb byb foreignb organisms.
REF:b b p.b 14 OBJ:b b 13
13. Immunodeficiencyb disordersb result b from
a. anb exudativeb response.
b. physicalb trauma.
c. motorb vehicleb accidents.
d. ab depressed b orb absent b immuneb response.
ANS:b D
Causativeb factorsb canb beb primary,b manifested bbybabcharacteristicb decreaseb inb thebnumberb ofb Tb ce
llsb and b Bb cells,b leavingb theb bodybunableb tobadequatelyb defendb itself bagainst b infectionb andbtumors
.
REF:b b p.b 15 OBJ:b b 13
14. Whichb statement(s)b is/areb correct b regardingb autoimmuneb diseases?
a. Theb diseasesb allow b theb immuneb systemb tob becomeb self-destructive.
b. Manyb seriousb diseasesb haveb ab strongb autoimmuneb component.
c. Bothb answerb optionsb areb correct.
d. Bothb answerb optionsb areb incorrect.
ANS:b C
Inb autoimmuneb diseases,b antibodiesb areb formed b against b self-
antigensb mistakenlybidentified b asb foreign.
REF:b b p.b 15 OBJ:b b 15
15. Homeostasisbrefersbto
a. diseaseb related b tob age.
b. internalb stabilityb of b theb body.
c. ab chronicb diseaseb process.
d. geneticb predispositionb tob disease.
ANS:b B
Pathologicb conditionsb involveb measurableb changesb inb normalb structureb and bfunctionb that bthreate
nb theb internalb stability,b orb homeostasis,b of b theb body.
REF:b b p.b 2 OBJ:b b 1
16. Pathogensb causeb diseaseb by
a. invasionb of b livingb tissue.
b b b b b b b b b b b
Chapter b01:bMechanismsbofbDisease,bDiagnosis,bandbTreatment
Frazier bandbFuqua:bEssentials bofbHumanbDiseasesbandbConditions,b7thbEdition
MULTIPLEbCHOICE
1. Signsb of b disease
a. alwaysb causeb symptoms.
b. rarelyb correlateb withb symptoms.
c. includeb abnormalb objectiveb findings.
d. areb alwaysb described b byb theb patient.
ANS:b C
Signs,b orb abnormalb objectiveb findings,b areb theb evidenceb of bdiseaseb found b byb physicalb examinati
onb and b diagnosticb testing.b Signsb of b diseaseb oftenb correlateb withb theb symptoms.
REF:b b p.b 2 OBJ:b b 2
2. Predisposingb factorsb of b disease
a. preciselyb predict b theb occurrenceb of b disease.
b. makeb ab personb orb groupb moreb vulnerableb tob disease.
c. neverb overlapb orb occurb inb combination.
d. canb allb beb controlled b byb prevention.
ANS:b B
A b personb mayb beb susceptibleb tobab greaterborblesserb degree,b becauseb ofboneborb moreb riskb factorsb th
at b overlapb orb occurb inb combination.b Predisposingb factorsb includeb age,b gender,b lifestyle,b environ
ment,b heredity,b and b immunodeficiency.
REF:b b p.b 2 OBJ:b b 3
3. Geneticb diseasesb mayb be
a. produced b byb anb abnormalityb inb orb mutationb of b theb geneticb codeb inb ab singleb gene.
b. caused b bybseveralb abnormalb genes.
c. caused b bybtheb abnormalb presenceb orb absenceb ofb abchromosomeb orb anbalterationb ofb t
heb structureb of b chromosomes.
d. Allb of b theb answerb options
ANS:b D
Geneticb predispositionb (inheritance)b currentlyb isb considered b ab majorb riskb factor.b Hereditaryb fact
orsb inb diseaseb that b appearb regularlyb inb successiveb generationsb areb likelyb tobaffectb malesb andb fema
lesb equally.b Hereditaryb orb geneticb diseasesb oftenb developb asbab result b ofbthebcombined b effectsb ofbi
nheritanceb and b environmentalb factors.
REF:b b p.b 6 OBJ:b b 8
4. Whichb statement b isb trueb of b benignb tumors?
a. Tend b tob remainb encapsulated
b. Infiltrateb surroundingb tissue
c. Dob not b compressb surroundingb tissueb orb obstruct b organs
d. Dob not b resembleb theb tissueb of b origin
, ANS:b A
Benignb tumorsb usuallybdevelopb slowlyb andb canb arisebfromb anyb tissue.b Theybtendb tob remainb e
ncapsulated b and b dob not b infiltrateb surroundingb tissue.
REF:b b p.b 7 OBJ:b b 7
5. Whichb statement b isb trueb of b malignant b tumors?
a. Tend b tob infiltrateb otherb tissue.
b. Tend b tob bleed,b ulcerate,b and b becomeb infected.
c. Mayb spread b tob distant b sitesb inb theb body.
d. Allb of b theb answerb options
ANS:b D
Malignant b tumorsb canb represent b ab seriousb threatbtobtheb healthb andb lifeb ofb ab person.bCancerb cellsb a
reb variableb inb appearanceb and bdisorderlyb (anaplastic)b andbtend btob bleed,b ulcerate,b and b becomeb in
fected.b Malignant b tumorsb haveb theb abilityb tob infiltrateb and b invadeb theb surroundingb tissue.
Oftenb malignant b cellsb enterb theb bloodstreamb orbtheb lymphaticb vesselsb andb spreadbtobdistant b s
itesb inb theb bodyb leadingb tob tumorb growthb inb otherb areasb of b theb body.
REF:b b p.b 8 OBJ:b b 7
6. Whichb statement b isb trueb regardingb theb TNMb (tumor,b nodes,b metastasis)b cancerb stagingb system?
a. Assessesb theb sizeb and b extent b of b theb spread b of b theb primaryb tumor.
b. Isb ab gradingb systemb based b onb theb degreeb of b differentiationb of b tumorb cells.
c. Bothb answerb optionsb areb true.
d. Neitherb answerb optionsb areb true.
ANS:b A
Althoughb ab numberb of b different b stagingb systemsb exist,b theb majorityb of bcancersb useb ab TNMb syste
m.b TNMb stagingb assessesb theb neoplasmb inb threeb different b areas:b theb sizeb orb extent b of b theb primar
ybtumorb (T),b theb extent b ofbregionalb lymphb nodebinvolvement b byb thebtumorb (N),b andbthebnumberbo
f b distant b metastasesb (M).
REF:b b p.b 10 OBJ:b b 10
7. Theb tumorb Gleasonb gradeb reflectsb whichb informationb about b theb tumor?
a. Stage
b. Degreeb of b abnormalb microscopicb appearanceb of b theb cells
c. Location
d. Noneb of b theb answerb options
ANS:b B
Theb Gleasonb gradeb correlatesb withb extentb ofbdiseaseb throughoutb thebbodybandbwithb prognosis.b A
nalysisb of b prostateb tumorb histologyb isb performed,b andbthebtwob predominant b patternsb areb recorde
d b and b scored b fromb 1b tob 5b (1b representsb ab well-
differentiated b histology;b 5b isb theb most b poorlyb differentiated).
REF:b b p.b 12 OBJ:b b 10
8. Whichb statement b correctlyb statesb theb sequenceb of b anb allergicb responseb withinb theb body?
a. Immunoglobulinb Eb (IgE)b antibodiesb enterb theb bodyb and b produceb anb allergen.
b. Theb releaseb of b histamineb sensitizesb mast b cellsb and b producesb symptoms.
, c. Exposureb tob allergenb stimulatesb productionb ofbIgEbantibodiesbthatb canbsubsequentlybt
riggerb symptomsb of b allergy.
d. Histamineb producesb mast b cells,b whichb stimulateb plasmab cells.
ANS:b C
Initialb exposureb tob anb allergen,b whichb actsbasbanb antigenb (ab substanceb that b causesb theb allergicb respons
e),b stimulatesb theb productionb of b IgEb antibodies,b and b theb personb thusb isb sensitized.
REF:b b p.b 14 OBJ:b b 14
9. Systemicb manifestation(s)b of b severeb allergicb responsesb includeb whichb problem?
a. Arthralgia
b. Statusb asthmaticus
c. Anaphylaxis
d. Allb of b theb answerb options
ANS:b D
Severeb systemicb manifestationsb of b allergicb responsesb includeb anaphylaxis,b serumb sickness,b art
hralgia,b and b statusb asthmaticus.b Forbexample,b anaphylaxisb (anaphylacticb shock),b thebresult b ofbab
severeb systemicb allergicb reaction,b callsb forb emergencyb life-savingb intervention.
REF:b b p.b 14 OBJ:b b 14
10. Whichb orderb of b stepsb isb most b accurateb whenb makingb ab diagnosis?
a. Medicalb history,b physicalb examination,b diagnosticb tests,bdiagnosis,b integrationb of b
results,b treatment
b. Medicalb history,b diagnosticb tests,b physicalb examination,b treatment b plan
c. Physicalb examination,b medicalb history,b radiographs,b prognosis,b integrationb of b allbi
nformation
d. Comparisonb of b normals,b physicalb examination,b history,b treatment b plan,b prognosis
ANS:b A
Establishingb ab diagnosisb isb ab decision-
makingb processb inb whichb datab collected b fromb thebmedicalb history,b physicalb examination,b and b di
agnosticb testsb areb analyzed,b integrated,bandbinterpreted.bAbdiagnosisb providesb ablogicalb basisb forb
determiningb treatment b and b prognosis.
REF:b b p.b 16 OBJ:b b 16
11. Mechanicalb and b chemicalb barriers,b theb inflammatoryb response,b and b theb immuneb responseb are
a. riskb factorsb forb disease.
b. theb combined b effectsb of b inheritanceb and b environmentalb factors.
c. included b inb theb body’sb naturalb defenseb systemb against b infection.
d. agentsb that b damageb deoxyribonucleicb acid.
ANS:b C
Theb body’sb naturalb defenseb systemsb against binfectionb includeb (1)b naturalb mechanicalb and b chemi
calb barriers,b suchb asb skin,b theb cilia,b bodyb pH,b and bnormalb bodybflora;b (2)b theb inflammatoryb respo
nse;b and b (3)b theb immuneb response.
REF:b b p.b 3 OBJ:b b 4
, 12. Immuneb disordersb areb theb result bof babbreakdownbinb thebbody’sb defensebsystemb that bmaybg
enerateb whichb problems?
a. Allergies
b. Autoimmuneb diseases
c. Immunodeficiencyb disorders
d. Allb of b theb answerb options
ANS:b D
Theb immuneb systemb isb ab complexb networkb of b specialized b cellsb andb organsbthatbhasb evolved btob defend
b theb bodyb against b attacksb byb foreignb organisms.
REF:b b p.b 14 OBJ:b b 13
13. Immunodeficiencyb disordersb result b from
a. anb exudativeb response.
b. physicalb trauma.
c. motorb vehicleb accidents.
d. ab depressed b orb absent b immuneb response.
ANS:b D
Causativeb factorsb canb beb primary,b manifested bbybabcharacteristicb decreaseb inb thebnumberb ofb Tb ce
llsb and b Bb cells,b leavingb theb bodybunableb tobadequatelyb defendb itself bagainst b infectionb andbtumors
.
REF:b b p.b 15 OBJ:b b 13
14. Whichb statement(s)b is/areb correct b regardingb autoimmuneb diseases?
a. Theb diseasesb allow b theb immuneb systemb tob becomeb self-destructive.
b. Manyb seriousb diseasesb haveb ab strongb autoimmuneb component.
c. Bothb answerb optionsb areb correct.
d. Bothb answerb optionsb areb incorrect.
ANS:b C
Inb autoimmuneb diseases,b antibodiesb areb formed b against b self-
antigensb mistakenlybidentified b asb foreign.
REF:b b p.b 15 OBJ:b b 15
15. Homeostasisbrefersbto
a. diseaseb related b tob age.
b. internalb stabilityb of b theb body.
c. ab chronicb diseaseb process.
d. geneticb predispositionb tob disease.
ANS:b B
Pathologicb conditionsb involveb measurableb changesb inb normalb structureb and bfunctionb that bthreate
nb theb internalb stability,b orb homeostasis,b of b theb body.
REF:b b p.b 2 OBJ:b b 1
16. Pathogensb causeb diseaseb by
a. invasionb of b livingb tissue.
