Global Migration
OCR AS/A Level Geography Example Case Studies
Table of Contents
Advanced Country (AC) .............................................................................................. 2
USA ........................................................................................................................................................... 2
Low-Income Developing Country (LIDC) ..................................................................... 3
Laos .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Emerging Developing Country (EDC) ........................................................................... 4
Mexico ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Brazil ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
1
, USA (AC)
BACKGROUND
Population 330 million
Global migrants 46.2 million (20% of total global migrant population)
residing in the USA
REASONS FOR
MIGRATION
Economic (2) Highly paid jobs in USA
Mexican income rises 2-5x after migration
Political Immigrants fleeing political instability, e.g. Nicaragua
Social (3) Natural disasters, e.g. Haiti earthquakes, Hurricane Eta
Excellent universities and education in the USA
The ‘American Dream’
MIGRATION
POLICIES
Family-based Permanent residents can ‘sponsor’ close family to join
reunification (2) them in the USA
Contributes about 700,000 immigrants per year
H-1B visa (2) Visa given to skilled workers
Mainly Indian (74.9%)/ Chinese (12.1%)
INTERDEPENDENCE
USA-Mexico (4) Immigrants fill labour shortages in USA
NAFTA (1991) allows USA and Mexico to be trade partners
Approx. 1.2 million Americans head to Mexico for 80%
cheaper dental care
Work together to reduce illegal drug, weapons, human
trafficking
OPPORTUNITIES
Entrepreneurship 40% of Fortune 500 Companies founded by
immigrants/children of immigrants
Filling labour gaps 2/3 of California’s agricultural workers are Mexican
Increased Talent Pool 48% of immigrants have a bachelor’s degree
(2) 79% of Indians in the SA work in high skilled jobs
CHALLENGES
Undocumented Estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants (25% of
immigrants total immigrants)
Racism/ Xenophobia Immigration has fuelled racism and xenophobia
Strain on public 5 million immigrant children are enrolled in US schools
services (2) Education and healthcare facilities struggle with influx of
immigrants
2
OCR AS/A Level Geography Example Case Studies
Table of Contents
Advanced Country (AC) .............................................................................................. 2
USA ........................................................................................................................................................... 2
Low-Income Developing Country (LIDC) ..................................................................... 3
Laos .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Emerging Developing Country (EDC) ........................................................................... 4
Mexico ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Brazil ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
1
, USA (AC)
BACKGROUND
Population 330 million
Global migrants 46.2 million (20% of total global migrant population)
residing in the USA
REASONS FOR
MIGRATION
Economic (2) Highly paid jobs in USA
Mexican income rises 2-5x after migration
Political Immigrants fleeing political instability, e.g. Nicaragua
Social (3) Natural disasters, e.g. Haiti earthquakes, Hurricane Eta
Excellent universities and education in the USA
The ‘American Dream’
MIGRATION
POLICIES
Family-based Permanent residents can ‘sponsor’ close family to join
reunification (2) them in the USA
Contributes about 700,000 immigrants per year
H-1B visa (2) Visa given to skilled workers
Mainly Indian (74.9%)/ Chinese (12.1%)
INTERDEPENDENCE
USA-Mexico (4) Immigrants fill labour shortages in USA
NAFTA (1991) allows USA and Mexico to be trade partners
Approx. 1.2 million Americans head to Mexico for 80%
cheaper dental care
Work together to reduce illegal drug, weapons, human
trafficking
OPPORTUNITIES
Entrepreneurship 40% of Fortune 500 Companies founded by
immigrants/children of immigrants
Filling labour gaps 2/3 of California’s agricultural workers are Mexican
Increased Talent Pool 48% of immigrants have a bachelor’s degree
(2) 79% of Indians in the SA work in high skilled jobs
CHALLENGES
Undocumented Estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants (25% of
immigrants total immigrants)
Racism/ Xenophobia Immigration has fuelled racism and xenophobia
Strain on public 5 million immigrant children are enrolled in US schools
services (2) Education and healthcare facilities struggle with influx of
immigrants
2
