NEW 2025 FRSC 385 EXAM 2 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS VERIFIED BY
EXPERTS
What's the importance of examining other Biological Fluids in forensic science? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>-May be abundant source of evidence
-Possibly the only suitable evidence
-May provide DNA profile
-May corroborate a story
What are some PRIMARY biological fluids examined in forensic science? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>•Saliva
•Urine
•Feces
•Perspiration
•Vaginal Fluid
What are some SECONDARY biological fluids examined in forensic science? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>•Cerebrospinal Fluid
•Amniotic Fluid
•Bile
•Vomit
•Breast milk
What are some items that saliva evidence may be collected from? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-
masks (ski)
-cigarettes
-cups
etc.
What are the 3 salivary glands? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-parotid
-submandibular
-sublingual
Describe "Saliva" - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>•Thin colorless digestive fluid
•Secreted in the mouth by 3 pairs of salivary glands
•Secrete ~1-1.5 L/day
,Describe the "parotid" salivary gland - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-largest pair
-wraps around the back of the lower jaw
Describe the "submandibular" salivary gland - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-located deep in the
floor of the mouth
Describe the "sublingual" salivary gland - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-smallest pair of the
glands, located at the front of the mouth
What are the 6 general components of saliva? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-Water (97-99%)
-Mucin
-Histidine rich proteins
-Salts
-Enzymes
-Antimicrobial/Immune function
What are the 3 functions of Mucin in saliva? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-lubricates
-protects teeth
-inactivates bacteria
What is the function of Histidine rich proteins in saliva? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>they act as
a "buffer action"
What are the 5 enzymes in saliva? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-Peroxidase
-Amylase (digestive)
-Maltase (digestive)
-Lysozyme (kill bacteria)
-Alkaline Phosphatase
What are the 5 Antimicrobials found in saliva? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-Peroxidase
-IgA
-IgM
-Lysozyme (kill bacteria)
-Thiocyanate
What is Amylase? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-an enzyme that breaks down starch to maltose,
and is resistant to aging
,-exists in highest concentrations in saliva relative to other components (levels vary between
individuals)
Where are some places that Amylase can be found? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>*found in high
concentrations in saliva of omnivores
*also present in microorganisms and molds
*also found in some other body fluids:
-Saliva: 263,000 to 376,000 IU/L
-Urine: 263 to 940 IU/L
-Blood: 110 IU/L
-Semen: 35 IU/L
-Feces: sometimes found in equivalent levels as saliva
Where is amylase produced? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>in the parotid gland
If no amylase is detected, does this mean that there is no saliva present? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>no
Common forensic tests for saliva are all ______ ______ . - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>amylase
detectors
Which of the following is more sensitive for detecting saliva: DNA techniques, or screening
tests? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>DNA techniques are more sensitive
What's one way to detect a presence of saliva? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>using Alternative
Light Sources (ALS) to locate possible sources
List 5 presumptive tests for Saliva - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>*Phadebas Test
*Starch Iodine Test
-Procion Red Amylopectin (PRA) Paper Test
-Rapid Stain Identification (RSID) Test
-SALIgAE Abacus Diagnostics
Give a general overview of how the presumptive Phadebas test for saliva works. - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>•Incubation with amylase breaks down (hydrolyzes) the complexes to a water-
soluble starch with attached blue marker
•utilizes tablets that are insoluble blue starch complexes
, -blue dye is released into supernatant
How is the Phadebas presumptive test for saliva quantitative? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>it has
an optical density reading (at 620nm)
What cross-reacts/ can give a false positive for the Phadebas presumptive test for saliva? -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>•Feces
•Breast milk
•Some vaginal fluids
•Some plant materials
What is the recorded sensitivity for the Phadebas presumptive test for saliva ? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>1:128
What are the 4 protocol steps for the Phadebas presumptive test for saliva ? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>1. Prepare a 4% Phadebasslurry (w/v):
•Crush a Phadebastablet into a fine powder
•Add appropriate amounts of powder and water
2.Prepare an extract of suspected stain:
•Place medium cutting in tube
•Add 500μl of water
•Add 100μl of voretexed Phadebasslurry
•Briefly vortex and quick spin sample
3.Incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes:
•If possible, agitate during incubation
4.Examine samples and make interpretation:
•Vortex sample and centrifuge for 2 minutes at 13,000 rpm
•Note color of aqueous layer to make interpretation
What are the positive and negative controls for the Phadebas presumptive test for salvia? When
should these be processed? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>POS CONTROL:
neat saliva
NEG CONTROL:
reagent blank
*the pos and neg controls for this test should be processed alongside the test samples
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS VERIFIED BY
EXPERTS
What's the importance of examining other Biological Fluids in forensic science? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>-May be abundant source of evidence
-Possibly the only suitable evidence
-May provide DNA profile
-May corroborate a story
What are some PRIMARY biological fluids examined in forensic science? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>•Saliva
•Urine
•Feces
•Perspiration
•Vaginal Fluid
What are some SECONDARY biological fluids examined in forensic science? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>•Cerebrospinal Fluid
•Amniotic Fluid
•Bile
•Vomit
•Breast milk
What are some items that saliva evidence may be collected from? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-
masks (ski)
-cigarettes
-cups
etc.
What are the 3 salivary glands? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-parotid
-submandibular
-sublingual
Describe "Saliva" - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>•Thin colorless digestive fluid
•Secreted in the mouth by 3 pairs of salivary glands
•Secrete ~1-1.5 L/day
,Describe the "parotid" salivary gland - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-largest pair
-wraps around the back of the lower jaw
Describe the "submandibular" salivary gland - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-located deep in the
floor of the mouth
Describe the "sublingual" salivary gland - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-smallest pair of the
glands, located at the front of the mouth
What are the 6 general components of saliva? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-Water (97-99%)
-Mucin
-Histidine rich proteins
-Salts
-Enzymes
-Antimicrobial/Immune function
What are the 3 functions of Mucin in saliva? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-lubricates
-protects teeth
-inactivates bacteria
What is the function of Histidine rich proteins in saliva? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>they act as
a "buffer action"
What are the 5 enzymes in saliva? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-Peroxidase
-Amylase (digestive)
-Maltase (digestive)
-Lysozyme (kill bacteria)
-Alkaline Phosphatase
What are the 5 Antimicrobials found in saliva? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-Peroxidase
-IgA
-IgM
-Lysozyme (kill bacteria)
-Thiocyanate
What is Amylase? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-an enzyme that breaks down starch to maltose,
and is resistant to aging
,-exists in highest concentrations in saliva relative to other components (levels vary between
individuals)
Where are some places that Amylase can be found? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>*found in high
concentrations in saliva of omnivores
*also present in microorganisms and molds
*also found in some other body fluids:
-Saliva: 263,000 to 376,000 IU/L
-Urine: 263 to 940 IU/L
-Blood: 110 IU/L
-Semen: 35 IU/L
-Feces: sometimes found in equivalent levels as saliva
Where is amylase produced? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>in the parotid gland
If no amylase is detected, does this mean that there is no saliva present? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>no
Common forensic tests for saliva are all ______ ______ . - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>amylase
detectors
Which of the following is more sensitive for detecting saliva: DNA techniques, or screening
tests? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>DNA techniques are more sensitive
What's one way to detect a presence of saliva? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>using Alternative
Light Sources (ALS) to locate possible sources
List 5 presumptive tests for Saliva - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>*Phadebas Test
*Starch Iodine Test
-Procion Red Amylopectin (PRA) Paper Test
-Rapid Stain Identification (RSID) Test
-SALIgAE Abacus Diagnostics
Give a general overview of how the presumptive Phadebas test for saliva works. - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>•Incubation with amylase breaks down (hydrolyzes) the complexes to a water-
soluble starch with attached blue marker
•utilizes tablets that are insoluble blue starch complexes
, -blue dye is released into supernatant
How is the Phadebas presumptive test for saliva quantitative? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>it has
an optical density reading (at 620nm)
What cross-reacts/ can give a false positive for the Phadebas presumptive test for saliva? -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>•Feces
•Breast milk
•Some vaginal fluids
•Some plant materials
What is the recorded sensitivity for the Phadebas presumptive test for saliva ? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>1:128
What are the 4 protocol steps for the Phadebas presumptive test for saliva ? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>1. Prepare a 4% Phadebasslurry (w/v):
•Crush a Phadebastablet into a fine powder
•Add appropriate amounts of powder and water
2.Prepare an extract of suspected stain:
•Place medium cutting in tube
•Add 500μl of water
•Add 100μl of voretexed Phadebasslurry
•Briefly vortex and quick spin sample
3.Incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes:
•If possible, agitate during incubation
4.Examine samples and make interpretation:
•Vortex sample and centrifuge for 2 minutes at 13,000 rpm
•Note color of aqueous layer to make interpretation
What are the positive and negative controls for the Phadebas presumptive test for salvia? When
should these be processed? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>POS CONTROL:
neat saliva
NEG CONTROL:
reagent blank
*the pos and neg controls for this test should be processed alongside the test samples
