GENDER PSYCHOLOGY EXAM 2
QUESTIONS COMPLETE WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS AND RATED A.
1. What do Leslie and Campina show about perceptions of brilliance in
different academic fields? Does this apply to race as well as gender?
Answer: Leslie and Cimpian's research indicates that fields emphasizing
innate brilliance tend to have lower female representation. This is because
societal stereotypes often associate brilliance more with men than women.
The study also suggests that similar stereotypes affect African Americans,
leading to their underrepresentation in these fields.
Explanation: The "field-specific ability beliefs" hypothesis posits that the
more a field values raw talent over hard work, the fewer women and African
Americans are represented, due to pervasive stereotypes questioning their
innate abilities. Princeton University
2. Why do men and women end up in different careers? Describe the
values men and women place on aspects of their professional life.
Answer: Men often prioritize careers with higher pay and status, while women
tend to value work-life balance and meaningful work.
Explanation: Societal norms and personal values influence career choices.
Men may be socialized to seek status and financial success, whereas women
might prioritize roles that offer flexibility and personal fulfillment.
,3. What are some sex differences in parents' beliefs about children? Do
these beliefs correspond with real performance by their children?
Answer: Parents often believe boys are naturally better at math and girls at
reading. However, these beliefs don't always align with actual performance,
as the differences in abilities are minimal.
Explanation: Parental expectations can shape children's self-perceptions
and interests, sometimes reinforcing stereotypes rather than reflecting true
abilities.
4. What attributions do parents make for ability and success for boys and
girls in different domains?
Answer: Parents tend to attribute boys' successes to innate ability and girls'
successes to effort.PubMed
Explanation: This attribution bias can influence children's self-esteem and
motivation, potentially discouraging girls from pursuing fields where ability is
seen as key.
5. Describe research on effects of parental beliefs on children's beliefs,
specifically in the two 2015 studies and in the study of African American
7th and 8th graders. How does providing different opportunities affect
children's beliefs?
Answer: Research shows that parental beliefs significantly influence
children's self-concept and aspirations. For African American 7th and 8th
graders, increased parental involvement correlates with higher academic
motivation. Providing equal opportunities helps mitigate stereotype effects.
, Explanation: When parents hold and communicate high expectations,
children are more likely to internalize these beliefs, leading to improved
academic outcomes.
6. Describe an entity orientation or fixed mindset toward a child's abilities
and what the effects are.
Answer: An entity orientation implies believing abilities are fixed traits.
Children with this mindset may avoid challenges and give up easily when
faced with difficulties.
Explanation: This mindset can hinder learning and resilience, as children may
fear failure and thus avoid situations where they might not succeed
immediately.
7. Describe several specific ways in which teachers interact with—and
pay attention to—boys differently than they do with girls.
Answer: Teachers often give boys more attention, including more feedback
and follow-up questions, while girls receive less interaction. Lumen Learning
Explanation: This disparity can lead to boys being more engaged in subjects
like math and science, while girls may feel less encouraged, affecting their
confidence and interest.
8. Understand the potential link between girls' agreeableness, less
attention paid to them, yet increased academic performance.
Answer: Girls' higher agreeableness may lead them to be less demanding of
teacher attention, yet they often achieve higher academically due to self-
discipline and motivation.
QUESTIONS COMPLETE WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS AND RATED A.
1. What do Leslie and Campina show about perceptions of brilliance in
different academic fields? Does this apply to race as well as gender?
Answer: Leslie and Cimpian's research indicates that fields emphasizing
innate brilliance tend to have lower female representation. This is because
societal stereotypes often associate brilliance more with men than women.
The study also suggests that similar stereotypes affect African Americans,
leading to their underrepresentation in these fields.
Explanation: The "field-specific ability beliefs" hypothesis posits that the
more a field values raw talent over hard work, the fewer women and African
Americans are represented, due to pervasive stereotypes questioning their
innate abilities. Princeton University
2. Why do men and women end up in different careers? Describe the
values men and women place on aspects of their professional life.
Answer: Men often prioritize careers with higher pay and status, while women
tend to value work-life balance and meaningful work.
Explanation: Societal norms and personal values influence career choices.
Men may be socialized to seek status and financial success, whereas women
might prioritize roles that offer flexibility and personal fulfillment.
,3. What are some sex differences in parents' beliefs about children? Do
these beliefs correspond with real performance by their children?
Answer: Parents often believe boys are naturally better at math and girls at
reading. However, these beliefs don't always align with actual performance,
as the differences in abilities are minimal.
Explanation: Parental expectations can shape children's self-perceptions
and interests, sometimes reinforcing stereotypes rather than reflecting true
abilities.
4. What attributions do parents make for ability and success for boys and
girls in different domains?
Answer: Parents tend to attribute boys' successes to innate ability and girls'
successes to effort.PubMed
Explanation: This attribution bias can influence children's self-esteem and
motivation, potentially discouraging girls from pursuing fields where ability is
seen as key.
5. Describe research on effects of parental beliefs on children's beliefs,
specifically in the two 2015 studies and in the study of African American
7th and 8th graders. How does providing different opportunities affect
children's beliefs?
Answer: Research shows that parental beliefs significantly influence
children's self-concept and aspirations. For African American 7th and 8th
graders, increased parental involvement correlates with higher academic
motivation. Providing equal opportunities helps mitigate stereotype effects.
, Explanation: When parents hold and communicate high expectations,
children are more likely to internalize these beliefs, leading to improved
academic outcomes.
6. Describe an entity orientation or fixed mindset toward a child's abilities
and what the effects are.
Answer: An entity orientation implies believing abilities are fixed traits.
Children with this mindset may avoid challenges and give up easily when
faced with difficulties.
Explanation: This mindset can hinder learning and resilience, as children may
fear failure and thus avoid situations where they might not succeed
immediately.
7. Describe several specific ways in which teachers interact with—and
pay attention to—boys differently than they do with girls.
Answer: Teachers often give boys more attention, including more feedback
and follow-up questions, while girls receive less interaction. Lumen Learning
Explanation: This disparity can lead to boys being more engaged in subjects
like math and science, while girls may feel less encouraged, affecting their
confidence and interest.
8. Understand the potential link between girls' agreeableness, less
attention paid to them, yet increased academic performance.
Answer: Girls' higher agreeableness may lead them to be less demanding of
teacher attention, yet they often achieve higher academically due to self-
discipline and motivation.
