5/12/25, 2:06 PM NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL EXAM 2025 (ACTUAL EXAM) | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH EXPLA…
NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL EXAM 2025
(ACTUAL EXAM) | ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATIONS |
GRADED A+ | NEWEST VERSION | VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Which statement ANS: C
accurately describes a An osteosarcoma is a malignant bone-forming tumor. It is
aggressive and most often found in bone marrow; it has a moth-
characteristic of eaten pattern of bone destruction. This
osteosarcoma? selection is the only option that accurately describes a
characteristic of osteosarcoma.
a. Slow-growing tumor
that begins in the bone
marrow and infiltrates
the trabeculae
b. Solitary tumor that
most often affects the
metaphyseal region of
the femur or tibia
c. Aggressive tumor most
often found in the bone
marrow of long bones
d.Tumor that infiltrates
the trabeculae in spongy
bone and implants in
surrounding tissue by
seeding
1/83
,5/12/25, 2:06 PM NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL EXAM 2025 (ACTUAL EXAM) | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH EXPLA…
In which type of pleural ANS: C
effusion does the fluid In transudative pleural effusion, the fluid, or
become watery and transudate, is watery and diffuses out of the capillaries
diffuse out of the as a result of disorders that increase intravascular
capillaries as a result of hydrostatic pressure or decrease capillary oncotic
increased blood pressure pressure. The described mechanism is not associated
or decreased capillary with the other forms of pleural effusion.
oncotic pressure?
A. exudative
B. Purulent
C. Transudative
D. Large
Hypercalciuria is primarily ANS: B
attributable to which Hypercalciuria is usually attributable to intestinal
alteration? hyperabsorption of dietary calcium and less
a. defective renal calcium commonly to a defect in renal calcium reabsorption.
reabsorption Hyperparathyroidism and bone demineralization
b. intestinal associated with prolonged immobilization are also
hyperabsorption of known to cause hypercalciuria but too a much lesser
dietary calcium degree.
c. bone demineralization
caused by prolonged
immobilization
d. hyperparathyroidism
2/83
,5/12/25, 2:06 PM NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL EXAM 2025 (ACTUAL EXAM) | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH EXPLA…
which statement is false ANS: B
concerning the skeletal Bone and skeletal changes develop with alterations in
alterations caused by calcium and phosphate metabolism (see Table 38-16).
chronic renal failure when These changes begin when the GFR decreases to 25%
the glomerular filtration or less. The combined effect of hyperparathyroidism
rate (GFR) declines to 25% and vitamin D deficiency can result in renal
of normal? osteodystrophies (e.g., osteomalacia, osteitis fibrosa
a, parathyroid hormone is with increased risk for fractures). Other consequences
no linger effective in of secondary hyperparathyroidism include soft-tissue
maintaining serum and vascular calcification, cardiovascular disease, and,
phosphate levels. less commonly, calcific uremic arteriolopathy. The
b. the parathyroid gland is other options are true.
no longer able to secrete
sufficient parathyroid
hormone
c. The synthesis of 1,25 vit
D3, which reduces
intestinal absorption of
calcium, is impaired.
d. The synthesis of 1,25 vit
D3, which impairs the
effectiveness of calcium
and phosphate resorption
from bone by parathyroid
hormone, is impaired.
An example of an X-linked Duchenne muscular dystrophy
recessive disease is....
An example of two Cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia
autosomal recessive
diseases are...
A well-known atuosomal Huntington disease
dominant disease is....
3/83
, 5/12/25, 2:06 PM NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL EXAM 2025 (ACTUAL EXAM) | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH EXPLA…
Cystic fibrosis is best described as a pulmonary
disorder involving an abnormal expression of a
protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the
describe cystic fibrosis
airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens. This
selection is the only option that accurately describes
cystic fibrosis.
what are the abnormalities Abnormal cytokine profiles have been documented in
in cytokines found in CF airway fluids, including deficient IL-10 and
children with cystic excessive IL-1, IL-8, and TNF-α, all changes conducive
fibrosis (CF)? to promoting inflammation. This selection is the only
hint: IL-10 IL-1 IL-8 TNF- option that accurately identifies the abnormalities in
alpha cytokines observed in children with CF.
X-linked recessive means men, women
that the disease affects
_ _____ and is transmitted
by ______________
Administration of radioactive cobalamin and the
Describe a Schilling measurement of its excretion in the urine to test for
vitamin B12 deficiency
Periduodenal band
Intestinal malrotation is a condition in which rotation
does not occur and the colon remains in the upper
malrotation is associated
right quadrant, where an abnormal membrane may
with what defining
press and obstruct the duodenum. The obstructing
characteristic?
band over the duodenum, called a periduodenal
band, is one of the most significant findings in
malrotation.
Congenital aganglionic megacolon
Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung
Hirschsprung disease is
disease) is a functional obstruction of the colon
also known as?
caused by the absence of the enteric ganglia along a
variable length of the colon with inadequate motility.
4/83
NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL EXAM 2025
(ACTUAL EXAM) | ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATIONS |
GRADED A+ | NEWEST VERSION | VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Which statement ANS: C
accurately describes a An osteosarcoma is a malignant bone-forming tumor. It is
aggressive and most often found in bone marrow; it has a moth-
characteristic of eaten pattern of bone destruction. This
osteosarcoma? selection is the only option that accurately describes a
characteristic of osteosarcoma.
a. Slow-growing tumor
that begins in the bone
marrow and infiltrates
the trabeculae
b. Solitary tumor that
most often affects the
metaphyseal region of
the femur or tibia
c. Aggressive tumor most
often found in the bone
marrow of long bones
d.Tumor that infiltrates
the trabeculae in spongy
bone and implants in
surrounding tissue by
seeding
1/83
,5/12/25, 2:06 PM NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL EXAM 2025 (ACTUAL EXAM) | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH EXPLA…
In which type of pleural ANS: C
effusion does the fluid In transudative pleural effusion, the fluid, or
become watery and transudate, is watery and diffuses out of the capillaries
diffuse out of the as a result of disorders that increase intravascular
capillaries as a result of hydrostatic pressure or decrease capillary oncotic
increased blood pressure pressure. The described mechanism is not associated
or decreased capillary with the other forms of pleural effusion.
oncotic pressure?
A. exudative
B. Purulent
C. Transudative
D. Large
Hypercalciuria is primarily ANS: B
attributable to which Hypercalciuria is usually attributable to intestinal
alteration? hyperabsorption of dietary calcium and less
a. defective renal calcium commonly to a defect in renal calcium reabsorption.
reabsorption Hyperparathyroidism and bone demineralization
b. intestinal associated with prolonged immobilization are also
hyperabsorption of known to cause hypercalciuria but too a much lesser
dietary calcium degree.
c. bone demineralization
caused by prolonged
immobilization
d. hyperparathyroidism
2/83
,5/12/25, 2:06 PM NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL EXAM 2025 (ACTUAL EXAM) | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH EXPLA…
which statement is false ANS: B
concerning the skeletal Bone and skeletal changes develop with alterations in
alterations caused by calcium and phosphate metabolism (see Table 38-16).
chronic renal failure when These changes begin when the GFR decreases to 25%
the glomerular filtration or less. The combined effect of hyperparathyroidism
rate (GFR) declines to 25% and vitamin D deficiency can result in renal
of normal? osteodystrophies (e.g., osteomalacia, osteitis fibrosa
a, parathyroid hormone is with increased risk for fractures). Other consequences
no linger effective in of secondary hyperparathyroidism include soft-tissue
maintaining serum and vascular calcification, cardiovascular disease, and,
phosphate levels. less commonly, calcific uremic arteriolopathy. The
b. the parathyroid gland is other options are true.
no longer able to secrete
sufficient parathyroid
hormone
c. The synthesis of 1,25 vit
D3, which reduces
intestinal absorption of
calcium, is impaired.
d. The synthesis of 1,25 vit
D3, which impairs the
effectiveness of calcium
and phosphate resorption
from bone by parathyroid
hormone, is impaired.
An example of an X-linked Duchenne muscular dystrophy
recessive disease is....
An example of two Cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia
autosomal recessive
diseases are...
A well-known atuosomal Huntington disease
dominant disease is....
3/83
, 5/12/25, 2:06 PM NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL EXAM 2025 (ACTUAL EXAM) | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH EXPLA…
Cystic fibrosis is best described as a pulmonary
disorder involving an abnormal expression of a
protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the
describe cystic fibrosis
airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens. This
selection is the only option that accurately describes
cystic fibrosis.
what are the abnormalities Abnormal cytokine profiles have been documented in
in cytokines found in CF airway fluids, including deficient IL-10 and
children with cystic excessive IL-1, IL-8, and TNF-α, all changes conducive
fibrosis (CF)? to promoting inflammation. This selection is the only
hint: IL-10 IL-1 IL-8 TNF- option that accurately identifies the abnormalities in
alpha cytokines observed in children with CF.
X-linked recessive means men, women
that the disease affects
_ _____ and is transmitted
by ______________
Administration of radioactive cobalamin and the
Describe a Schilling measurement of its excretion in the urine to test for
vitamin B12 deficiency
Periduodenal band
Intestinal malrotation is a condition in which rotation
does not occur and the colon remains in the upper
malrotation is associated
right quadrant, where an abnormal membrane may
with what defining
press and obstruct the duodenum. The obstructing
characteristic?
band over the duodenum, called a periduodenal
band, is one of the most significant findings in
malrotation.
Congenital aganglionic megacolon
Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung
Hirschsprung disease is
disease) is a functional obstruction of the colon
also known as?
caused by the absence of the enteric ganglia along a
variable length of the colon with inadequate motility.
4/83
