PRIVATE PILOT (Check Ride) ORAL STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR CHAPTER 1-10
COMPLETE ACCURATE, RATED A 2025 EDITION
CHAPTER 1: Certifications and Documents
To become a Private Pilot:
• Minimum 17 years old
• Read, write, and speak English
• Pass written knowledge exam
• Ground & flight training with endorsements
• Hold at least a 3rd Class Medical
Privileges:
• Act as PIC (Pilot in Command) under certain conditions (e.g., glider
towing, sales demo, incidental to business)
Limitations:
• No flying for compensation/hire
• Must split costs with passengers (pro-rata share: fuel, oil, airport
expenses)
Staying Current:
• Flight Review every 24 months (FAR 61.56)
• To carry passengers: 3 takeoffs/landings within 90 days
o Full stop if tailwheel or at night (within 1 hour after sunset to 1
hour before sunrise) (FAR 61.57)
,Required Aircraft Documents (ARROW):
• A: Airworthiness Certificate
• R: Registration (expires every 3 years)
• R: Radio License (international only)
• O: Operating Handbook (POH)
• W: Weight & Balance
Required Pilot Documents (Always Carry):
• Medical Certificate
• Pilot Certificate
• Photo ID
Inspections (AVIATE):
• A: Airworthiness Directives
• V: VOR check (30 days, IFR only)
• I: Inspections: Annual (all), 100-hour (for hire only)
• A: Altimeter (24 months, IFR)
• T: Transponder (24 months)
• E: ELT (12 months or after 1 hr cumulative use or 50% battery life)
MEL (Minimum Equipment List):
• List of equipment that may be inoperative and still allow flight.
Special Flight Permit:
• Temporary permission to fly a non-airworthy aircraft (e.g., to
maintenance)
, CHAPTER 2: Aeromedical Factors
Medical Certificates:
• 3rd Class: Required for Private Pilots.
o Under 40: 60 months
o Over 40: 24 months
• 2nd Class: Commercial Pilots
• 1st Class: Airline Transport Pilots (ATP)
Hypoxia Types:
1. Hypoxic – High altitude, low oxygen
2. Hypemic – Blood unable to carry O₂ (e.g., CO poisoning)
3. Stagnant – Poor circulation
4. Histotoxic – Cells can't use O₂ (e.g., alcohol)
Hyperventilation:
• Breathing too fast → CO₂ loss
• Treat by slowing breathing or breathing into a bag
Spatial Disorientation (8 illusions):
• The Leans – After slow bank
• Coriolis – Head movement during turn
• Graveyard Spin/Spiral – Misinterpreted spin
• Inversion Illusion – Sudden climb
• Elevator Illusion – Updraft
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR CHAPTER 1-10
COMPLETE ACCURATE, RATED A 2025 EDITION
CHAPTER 1: Certifications and Documents
To become a Private Pilot:
• Minimum 17 years old
• Read, write, and speak English
• Pass written knowledge exam
• Ground & flight training with endorsements
• Hold at least a 3rd Class Medical
Privileges:
• Act as PIC (Pilot in Command) under certain conditions (e.g., glider
towing, sales demo, incidental to business)
Limitations:
• No flying for compensation/hire
• Must split costs with passengers (pro-rata share: fuel, oil, airport
expenses)
Staying Current:
• Flight Review every 24 months (FAR 61.56)
• To carry passengers: 3 takeoffs/landings within 90 days
o Full stop if tailwheel or at night (within 1 hour after sunset to 1
hour before sunrise) (FAR 61.57)
,Required Aircraft Documents (ARROW):
• A: Airworthiness Certificate
• R: Registration (expires every 3 years)
• R: Radio License (international only)
• O: Operating Handbook (POH)
• W: Weight & Balance
Required Pilot Documents (Always Carry):
• Medical Certificate
• Pilot Certificate
• Photo ID
Inspections (AVIATE):
• A: Airworthiness Directives
• V: VOR check (30 days, IFR only)
• I: Inspections: Annual (all), 100-hour (for hire only)
• A: Altimeter (24 months, IFR)
• T: Transponder (24 months)
• E: ELT (12 months or after 1 hr cumulative use or 50% battery life)
MEL (Minimum Equipment List):
• List of equipment that may be inoperative and still allow flight.
Special Flight Permit:
• Temporary permission to fly a non-airworthy aircraft (e.g., to
maintenance)
, CHAPTER 2: Aeromedical Factors
Medical Certificates:
• 3rd Class: Required for Private Pilots.
o Under 40: 60 months
o Over 40: 24 months
• 2nd Class: Commercial Pilots
• 1st Class: Airline Transport Pilots (ATP)
Hypoxia Types:
1. Hypoxic – High altitude, low oxygen
2. Hypemic – Blood unable to carry O₂ (e.g., CO poisoning)
3. Stagnant – Poor circulation
4. Histotoxic – Cells can't use O₂ (e.g., alcohol)
Hyperventilation:
• Breathing too fast → CO₂ loss
• Treat by slowing breathing or breathing into a bag
Spatial Disorientation (8 illusions):
• The Leans – After slow bank
• Coriolis – Head movement during turn
• Graveyard Spin/Spiral – Misinterpreted spin
• Inversion Illusion – Sudden climb
• Elevator Illusion – Updraft
