NR 565 -ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW!!. Chamberlain
Which is best HTN medication for someone with diabetes ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔ACE inhibitor and ARB
Which medication to avoid in a patient who is pregnant or breastfeeding?
✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Avoid ACE and ARBs in patients who are pregnant
or may become pregnant. Especially ARBs in the second and third trimester.
Medications best for HTN for patient who is pregnant? ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔labetalol, methyldopa, nifedipine
For general population which HTN class is appropriate? ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔thiazide diuretics
For African Americans which class of HTN medications is appropriate?
✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔thiazide, CCB, BB
For a chronic kidney disease, what is the best HTN medication class?
✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ACE Inhibitors or ARBS
,What class of medications to avoid in African Americans? ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔ACE inhibitors and ARBS
Thiazide diuretics MOA ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔blockade of sodium and
chloride reabsorption
increases renal excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, and water
(hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia)
ACE inhibitors MOA ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Angiotensin Converting
Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-I) prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II, which disrupts the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS).
1. reduce levels of angiotensin II (through inhibition of ACE)
2. increasing levels of bradykinin (through inhibition of kinase 11)
End in -pril
ARBS MOA ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Block angiotensin II receptors on
blood vessels in heart and adrenals. Increases renal excretion of sodium and
water. Cause dilation of arterioles and veins.
End in -sartan
CCB MOA ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔They work by preventing calcium from
entering the cells of the heart and arteries. Calcium causes the heart and
,arteries to squeeze (contract) more strongly. By blocking calcium, calcium
channel blockers allow blood vessels to relax and open.
blockade of peripheral arterioles cause dilation and reduces arterial
pressure, arterioles of the heart increases coronary perfusion, blockade of
the SA node reduces heart rate, decreases AV node conduction, myocardium
decreases force of contraction
Prescribing considerations when carbamazepine is prescribed with warfarin
✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Carbamazepine lowers the effectiveness of
Warfarin. This is because of the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes.
There needs to be close monitoring for the Warfarin dose by checking the
prothrombin and INR. The dose may need to be adjusted to counterbalance
the effect of adding or removing the inducing agent
A patient with HF develops fibrotic changes, what should the provider do
next? ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ensure that a patient is on an ARB
(valsartan) as this inhibits fibrosis (aldosterone antagonist)
Adverse effects of lasix (flurosemide) ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ototoxicity
What medication causes ototoxicity as well and should not be prescribed
with lasix? ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔aminoglycoside antibiotics, end in -cin
What medication might we consider prescribing with a loop diuretic to
prevent an electrolyte imbalance? ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔potassium
sparing diuretic (spironolactone)
, black box warning for spironolactone ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔endocrine
effects - gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, deepening of
voice
HYPERKALEMIA
What is the action of aldosterone? ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔acts on distal
tubules of the kidney to cause retention of sodium and excretion of
potassium and hydrogen. Retention of Na causes water to be retained as
well. Aldosterone increases blood volume which increases blood pressure
How to migrate adverse effects of aldosterone? ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Aldosterone antagonist (ex/ spironolactone, eplerenone)
common side effects of ACE inhibitors ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔angioedema, dry non-productive cough, hyperkalemia, first-
dose hypotension
Name of only direct-renin inhibitor? ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Aliskiren
(Tekturna, rasilez)
What is the DRI only approved for? ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔hypertension
What should be avoided with the administration of a DRI? ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔high fat meals
EXAM COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW!!. Chamberlain
Which is best HTN medication for someone with diabetes ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔ACE inhibitor and ARB
Which medication to avoid in a patient who is pregnant or breastfeeding?
✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Avoid ACE and ARBs in patients who are pregnant
or may become pregnant. Especially ARBs in the second and third trimester.
Medications best for HTN for patient who is pregnant? ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔labetalol, methyldopa, nifedipine
For general population which HTN class is appropriate? ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔thiazide diuretics
For African Americans which class of HTN medications is appropriate?
✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔thiazide, CCB, BB
For a chronic kidney disease, what is the best HTN medication class?
✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ACE Inhibitors or ARBS
,What class of medications to avoid in African Americans? ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔ACE inhibitors and ARBS
Thiazide diuretics MOA ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔blockade of sodium and
chloride reabsorption
increases renal excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, and water
(hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia)
ACE inhibitors MOA ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Angiotensin Converting
Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-I) prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II, which disrupts the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS).
1. reduce levels of angiotensin II (through inhibition of ACE)
2. increasing levels of bradykinin (through inhibition of kinase 11)
End in -pril
ARBS MOA ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Block angiotensin II receptors on
blood vessels in heart and adrenals. Increases renal excretion of sodium and
water. Cause dilation of arterioles and veins.
End in -sartan
CCB MOA ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔They work by preventing calcium from
entering the cells of the heart and arteries. Calcium causes the heart and
,arteries to squeeze (contract) more strongly. By blocking calcium, calcium
channel blockers allow blood vessels to relax and open.
blockade of peripheral arterioles cause dilation and reduces arterial
pressure, arterioles of the heart increases coronary perfusion, blockade of
the SA node reduces heart rate, decreases AV node conduction, myocardium
decreases force of contraction
Prescribing considerations when carbamazepine is prescribed with warfarin
✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Carbamazepine lowers the effectiveness of
Warfarin. This is because of the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes.
There needs to be close monitoring for the Warfarin dose by checking the
prothrombin and INR. The dose may need to be adjusted to counterbalance
the effect of adding or removing the inducing agent
A patient with HF develops fibrotic changes, what should the provider do
next? ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ensure that a patient is on an ARB
(valsartan) as this inhibits fibrosis (aldosterone antagonist)
Adverse effects of lasix (flurosemide) ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ototoxicity
What medication causes ototoxicity as well and should not be prescribed
with lasix? ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔aminoglycoside antibiotics, end in -cin
What medication might we consider prescribing with a loop diuretic to
prevent an electrolyte imbalance? ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔potassium
sparing diuretic (spironolactone)
, black box warning for spironolactone ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔endocrine
effects - gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, deepening of
voice
HYPERKALEMIA
What is the action of aldosterone? ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔acts on distal
tubules of the kidney to cause retention of sodium and excretion of
potassium and hydrogen. Retention of Na causes water to be retained as
well. Aldosterone increases blood volume which increases blood pressure
How to migrate adverse effects of aldosterone? ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Aldosterone antagonist (ex/ spironolactone, eplerenone)
common side effects of ACE inhibitors ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔angioedema, dry non-productive cough, hyperkalemia, first-
dose hypotension
Name of only direct-renin inhibitor? ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Aliskiren
(Tekturna, rasilez)
What is the DRI only approved for? ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔hypertension
What should be avoided with the administration of a DRI? ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔high fat meals
