D027 Study Guide
1.Celiac Disease - definition: intolerance of gluten - more pronounced
in the duodenum and jejunum
2.Celiac Disease - s/s: Abdominal pain/distention, diarrhea (pale, greasy,
bulky, foul), malnutrition complications (rickets, occult blood, anemia),
early bleeds/bruis- es, hypomagnesemia/hypocalcemia (irritability,
tremors, convulsions, tetany, bone pain)
3.Celiac Disease - labs: IgA-tTg, IgA-EMA, total IgA
4.Celiac Disease - testing: serologic measurements of IgA antibodies
and HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8, endoscopy with small intestine biopsy,
duodenal biopsy
5.Sjoren's Syndrome - definition: immune disorder characterized by dry
mouth and dry eyes, mostly in older women
6.Sjoren's Syndrome - testing: SSA+ and SSB+
7.Cinnamon - Uses: Lowers BG, Cholesterol, hypertension, risk of bleedin
8.Cinnamon - adverse efects: avoid use with diabetic drugs,
anticoagulants, and heart meds - breastfeeding women should avoid as
a treatment
9.Gingko Biloba - uses: halt progression of dementia, used for erectile
disfunction
10.Gingko Biloba - adverse effects: increases risk of bleeding (avoid
using with anticoagulants) and lowers seizure threshold
11.Glucosamine - uses: osteoarthritis
12.Green Tea - uses: lose weight, mental clarity
13.Green Tea - adverse effects: hepatotoxicity, avoid taking with
vasodilators/stim- ulants/psychoactive medications, contains small
amounts of vitamin K
14.Lavender - uses: increases relaxation, helps with
anxiety/stress/insomnia
15.Lavender - adverse effects: constipation, headache, increase
appetite, de- crease BP, caution with CNS depressants
16.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - structure: LEFT ventricle is
underdevel- oped
Mitral valves not formed
properly Aortic valve not
formed properly Ascending
aorta underdeveloped Atrial
septal defect
17.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - fetal shunts: patent ductus
arteriosus - artery connecting aorta to pulmonary artery
, D027 Study Guide
patent foramen ovale - hole connecting right atrium to left atrium
18.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - survival rates: 3-5 year survival
rates of 70% for infants with stage 1 repari
Children who survive 12 months have 90% survival rate
19.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - treatment stage 1: 1-2 weeks old
(nor- wood procedure)
, D027 Study Guide
Enlarges aorta and connects to the right ventricle, shunt to pulmonary
artery is created, patent ductus arteriosus is closed
20.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - treatment stage 2: 4-6 months old
(glenn procedure)
SVC is connected to pulmonary artery, shunt from norwood is removed
21.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - treatment stage 3: 18-36 months
old (fontan procedure)
IVC is connected to pulmonary artery, hole is made from the IVC conduit
attached to the right atrium
22.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - s/s: cyanosis, pallor,
sweaty/clammy/cool skin, trouble breathing, rapid HR, cold feet, poor
pedal pulses, poor feeding
23.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - testing: during pregnancy - prenatal
tests to check for birth defects, ultrasound to identify HLLS,
echocardiogram to show structures of heart
after birth - based on s/s through pallor and cyanosis, newborn will
experience s/s once ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale close
echocardiogram
24.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - medication: tube feedings,
medications to strengthen heart muscles, lower BP, and remove extra
fluid
25.Parathyroid - function: produces parathyroid hormone that regulates
calcium in the bloodstream/tissue - more PTH released = more calcium
in bones released to blood/tissue = losing density and strength
26.Parathyroid - labs: calcium (8.6-10.3
mg/dL) PTH (11-51 pg/mL)
27.Parathyroid - s/s hyperparathyroid: osteoporosis, kidney stones,
excessive urination, abdominal pain, fatigue, forgetfulness, bone/joint
pain
28.Parathyroid - s/s hypoparathyroid: High PTH, low T3/T4
paresthesia, twitching of facial muscles, muscle pains/cramps, mood
changes, dry/rough skin
29.Parathyroid - testing: ultrasound, bone densitometry, body CT/MRI
30.Parathyroid - medications: calcimimetics, hormone replacement,
biphospho- nates
31.Parathyroid - treatment: maintain low serum calcium level in
hypoparathyroid
32.Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome - definition: progressive genetic
dis- order causing children to age rapidly - no cure - appears in first two
, D027 Study Guide
years of life
33.Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome - causes: abberant splicing of
the LMNA making protein - progerin
Causes the nuclear envelope to surround the nucleus to be unstable and
damages
1.Celiac Disease - definition: intolerance of gluten - more pronounced
in the duodenum and jejunum
2.Celiac Disease - s/s: Abdominal pain/distention, diarrhea (pale, greasy,
bulky, foul), malnutrition complications (rickets, occult blood, anemia),
early bleeds/bruis- es, hypomagnesemia/hypocalcemia (irritability,
tremors, convulsions, tetany, bone pain)
3.Celiac Disease - labs: IgA-tTg, IgA-EMA, total IgA
4.Celiac Disease - testing: serologic measurements of IgA antibodies
and HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8, endoscopy with small intestine biopsy,
duodenal biopsy
5.Sjoren's Syndrome - definition: immune disorder characterized by dry
mouth and dry eyes, mostly in older women
6.Sjoren's Syndrome - testing: SSA+ and SSB+
7.Cinnamon - Uses: Lowers BG, Cholesterol, hypertension, risk of bleedin
8.Cinnamon - adverse efects: avoid use with diabetic drugs,
anticoagulants, and heart meds - breastfeeding women should avoid as
a treatment
9.Gingko Biloba - uses: halt progression of dementia, used for erectile
disfunction
10.Gingko Biloba - adverse effects: increases risk of bleeding (avoid
using with anticoagulants) and lowers seizure threshold
11.Glucosamine - uses: osteoarthritis
12.Green Tea - uses: lose weight, mental clarity
13.Green Tea - adverse effects: hepatotoxicity, avoid taking with
vasodilators/stim- ulants/psychoactive medications, contains small
amounts of vitamin K
14.Lavender - uses: increases relaxation, helps with
anxiety/stress/insomnia
15.Lavender - adverse effects: constipation, headache, increase
appetite, de- crease BP, caution with CNS depressants
16.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - structure: LEFT ventricle is
underdevel- oped
Mitral valves not formed
properly Aortic valve not
formed properly Ascending
aorta underdeveloped Atrial
septal defect
17.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - fetal shunts: patent ductus
arteriosus - artery connecting aorta to pulmonary artery
, D027 Study Guide
patent foramen ovale - hole connecting right atrium to left atrium
18.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - survival rates: 3-5 year survival
rates of 70% for infants with stage 1 repari
Children who survive 12 months have 90% survival rate
19.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - treatment stage 1: 1-2 weeks old
(nor- wood procedure)
, D027 Study Guide
Enlarges aorta and connects to the right ventricle, shunt to pulmonary
artery is created, patent ductus arteriosus is closed
20.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - treatment stage 2: 4-6 months old
(glenn procedure)
SVC is connected to pulmonary artery, shunt from norwood is removed
21.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - treatment stage 3: 18-36 months
old (fontan procedure)
IVC is connected to pulmonary artery, hole is made from the IVC conduit
attached to the right atrium
22.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - s/s: cyanosis, pallor,
sweaty/clammy/cool skin, trouble breathing, rapid HR, cold feet, poor
pedal pulses, poor feeding
23.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - testing: during pregnancy - prenatal
tests to check for birth defects, ultrasound to identify HLLS,
echocardiogram to show structures of heart
after birth - based on s/s through pallor and cyanosis, newborn will
experience s/s once ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale close
echocardiogram
24.Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - medication: tube feedings,
medications to strengthen heart muscles, lower BP, and remove extra
fluid
25.Parathyroid - function: produces parathyroid hormone that regulates
calcium in the bloodstream/tissue - more PTH released = more calcium
in bones released to blood/tissue = losing density and strength
26.Parathyroid - labs: calcium (8.6-10.3
mg/dL) PTH (11-51 pg/mL)
27.Parathyroid - s/s hyperparathyroid: osteoporosis, kidney stones,
excessive urination, abdominal pain, fatigue, forgetfulness, bone/joint
pain
28.Parathyroid - s/s hypoparathyroid: High PTH, low T3/T4
paresthesia, twitching of facial muscles, muscle pains/cramps, mood
changes, dry/rough skin
29.Parathyroid - testing: ultrasound, bone densitometry, body CT/MRI
30.Parathyroid - medications: calcimimetics, hormone replacement,
biphospho- nates
31.Parathyroid - treatment: maintain low serum calcium level in
hypoparathyroid
32.Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome - definition: progressive genetic
dis- order causing children to age rapidly - no cure - appears in first two
, D027 Study Guide
years of life
33.Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome - causes: abberant splicing of
the LMNA making protein - progerin
Causes the nuclear envelope to surround the nucleus to be unstable and
damages
