NURS368 Pharmacology - Chapter 4: Central Nervous System| QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED| LATEST UPDATE GUARANTEED PASS
Define neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Chronic and progressive
diseases or disorders in which many of the causes are unknown. (Ex: Alzheimers, multiple
sclerosis, Parkinson's, dementia).
Parkinson's disease is a lack of _______________. Dopamine
What do medications used to treat Parkinson's do? Replace dopamine - this will not cure the
disease, but it will help with symptoms.
Parkinson's disease usually begins to effect people of what age (although it may develop at any
time)? Usually effects those who are past middle age and entering their 60s.
Parkinson's therapy is aimed at management of: Signs and symptoms
When assessing the progression of Parkinson's disease, what symptoms would expect to see?
- Lack of coordination
- Rhythmic tremors
- Rigitidy/weakness
- Trouble maintaining position or posture
- Bradykinesia (slow movement)
- Difficulty walking
- Drooling and affected speech
- Mask-like expressions (expressionless)
,What is most effective drug / drug combination used to treat Parkinson's disease?
Carbidopa-levodopa
What are the side effects of carbidopa-levodopa drug therapy? - Dyskinesias (abnormal and
inappropriate movements)
- Orthostatic hypotension
What are the contraindications of carbidopa-levodopa treatment? - Pregnant or
breastfeeding women
- Patients with chronic wide-angle glaucoma
Which anti-Parkinson's agent is a precursor of dopamine that crosses the blood-brain barrier,
where it in then converted to dopamine? Levodopa
True or false: levodopa is almost always given in combination with carbidopa in the form of a
fixed-combination drug (Sinemet)? True
How does carbidopa work with levadopa as a means of treating Parkinson's disease?
Carbidopa decreases the amount of levodopa needed to reach a therapeutic level in the
brain, which is beneficial because the levodopa dosage can then be decreased, reducing
adverse side effects.
What is the drug ropinirole used for? Ropinirole is an anti-Parkinson's drug that is a
dopamine receptor agonist (promotes the dopamine receptor).
True or false: ropinirole has similar side effects as other anti-Parkinson's medications. True
Ropinirole has a blackbox warning for what behaviors? Gambling, OCD, excessive spending
, One possible side effect of ropinirole is ___________. Narcolepsy
What is benztropine and what is it used for? Benztropine is an anticholinergic drug (blocks
acetylcholine) and this is used to decrease symptoms for Parkinson's patients.
Is benztropine an antagonist or agonist? Benztropine in an antagonist, anticholinergic drug.
What is amantadine and why is it it helpful in treating Parkinson's disease? Amantadine is an
antiviral drug that has actually shown to help with PD, but the reason behind this is unknown.
What is one cardinal side effect of amantadine (antiviral medication used to treat PD)? A
bright red rash
What are the contraindications of benztropine treatment for Parkinson's? - Children under 3
years old
- Tardive dyskinesia (protruding tongue)
True or false: benztropine is still commonly used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
False - this is not used often anymore
What is the action of anticholinergic drugs? Anticholinergic drugs block the action of
acetylcholine in the CNS to help normalize the acetylcholine-dopamine imbalance.
What are the indications of anticholinergic drugs? - Treatment of Parkinsons
- Relief of extrapyramidal symptoms
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED| LATEST UPDATE GUARANTEED PASS
Define neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Chronic and progressive
diseases or disorders in which many of the causes are unknown. (Ex: Alzheimers, multiple
sclerosis, Parkinson's, dementia).
Parkinson's disease is a lack of _______________. Dopamine
What do medications used to treat Parkinson's do? Replace dopamine - this will not cure the
disease, but it will help with symptoms.
Parkinson's disease usually begins to effect people of what age (although it may develop at any
time)? Usually effects those who are past middle age and entering their 60s.
Parkinson's therapy is aimed at management of: Signs and symptoms
When assessing the progression of Parkinson's disease, what symptoms would expect to see?
- Lack of coordination
- Rhythmic tremors
- Rigitidy/weakness
- Trouble maintaining position or posture
- Bradykinesia (slow movement)
- Difficulty walking
- Drooling and affected speech
- Mask-like expressions (expressionless)
,What is most effective drug / drug combination used to treat Parkinson's disease?
Carbidopa-levodopa
What are the side effects of carbidopa-levodopa drug therapy? - Dyskinesias (abnormal and
inappropriate movements)
- Orthostatic hypotension
What are the contraindications of carbidopa-levodopa treatment? - Pregnant or
breastfeeding women
- Patients with chronic wide-angle glaucoma
Which anti-Parkinson's agent is a precursor of dopamine that crosses the blood-brain barrier,
where it in then converted to dopamine? Levodopa
True or false: levodopa is almost always given in combination with carbidopa in the form of a
fixed-combination drug (Sinemet)? True
How does carbidopa work with levadopa as a means of treating Parkinson's disease?
Carbidopa decreases the amount of levodopa needed to reach a therapeutic level in the
brain, which is beneficial because the levodopa dosage can then be decreased, reducing
adverse side effects.
What is the drug ropinirole used for? Ropinirole is an anti-Parkinson's drug that is a
dopamine receptor agonist (promotes the dopamine receptor).
True or false: ropinirole has similar side effects as other anti-Parkinson's medications. True
Ropinirole has a blackbox warning for what behaviors? Gambling, OCD, excessive spending
, One possible side effect of ropinirole is ___________. Narcolepsy
What is benztropine and what is it used for? Benztropine is an anticholinergic drug (blocks
acetylcholine) and this is used to decrease symptoms for Parkinson's patients.
Is benztropine an antagonist or agonist? Benztropine in an antagonist, anticholinergic drug.
What is amantadine and why is it it helpful in treating Parkinson's disease? Amantadine is an
antiviral drug that has actually shown to help with PD, but the reason behind this is unknown.
What is one cardinal side effect of amantadine (antiviral medication used to treat PD)? A
bright red rash
What are the contraindications of benztropine treatment for Parkinson's? - Children under 3
years old
- Tardive dyskinesia (protruding tongue)
True or false: benztropine is still commonly used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
False - this is not used often anymore
What is the action of anticholinergic drugs? Anticholinergic drugs block the action of
acetylcholine in the CNS to help normalize the acetylcholine-dopamine imbalance.
What are the indications of anticholinergic drugs? - Treatment of Parkinsons
- Relief of extrapyramidal symptoms
