FINAL EXAM NR 545 (LATEST 2025) QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
Peptic Ulcer
Penetration of submucosa that can cause a perforation
Causes for peptic ulcer
H pylori, alcohol, caffeine, NSAIDS, inadequate blood
supply, atrophy to mucosa
Mirizzi Syndrome
Cholecystitis complication where gallstones become impacted
in the cystic duct or neck of the gallbladder
H pylori
Bacteria known to secrete cytotoxins and the enzymes
protease, phospholipase and urease which cause damage to
the mucosal defense.
,McBurney Signs
RLQ pain with palpation
Obturator Sign
RLQ pain on rotation of a flexed right leg and knee
Psoas Sign
RLQ pain when lifting right leg against pressure
Rovsing's sign
RLQ pain after deep palpation of LLQ
Antacids
neutralize the acids in the stomach (Aluminum hydroxide gel,
calcium carbonate, pepto-bismol)
H2 Receptor Antagonists
, Reduces amount of stomach acid produced in the lining of the
stomach (famotidine, ranitidine)
Proton pump inhibitors
Aids in the healing of erosive esophagitis (omeprazole,
pantoprazole, esomeprazole)
Endocrine system anatomy
pineal gland, pituitary gland, parathyroid gland, thyroid gland,
thymus, pancreas, adrenal gland, ovary & testes
Diabetes type 1
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells by t-
lymphocytes. Insulin replacement needed
Subjective Data (Type 1)
Polyuria and thirst
Weakness, fatigue
Polyphagia, weight loss
Blurred vision
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
Peptic Ulcer
Penetration of submucosa that can cause a perforation
Causes for peptic ulcer
H pylori, alcohol, caffeine, NSAIDS, inadequate blood
supply, atrophy to mucosa
Mirizzi Syndrome
Cholecystitis complication where gallstones become impacted
in the cystic duct or neck of the gallbladder
H pylori
Bacteria known to secrete cytotoxins and the enzymes
protease, phospholipase and urease which cause damage to
the mucosal defense.
,McBurney Signs
RLQ pain with palpation
Obturator Sign
RLQ pain on rotation of a flexed right leg and knee
Psoas Sign
RLQ pain when lifting right leg against pressure
Rovsing's sign
RLQ pain after deep palpation of LLQ
Antacids
neutralize the acids in the stomach (Aluminum hydroxide gel,
calcium carbonate, pepto-bismol)
H2 Receptor Antagonists
, Reduces amount of stomach acid produced in the lining of the
stomach (famotidine, ranitidine)
Proton pump inhibitors
Aids in the healing of erosive esophagitis (omeprazole,
pantoprazole, esomeprazole)
Endocrine system anatomy
pineal gland, pituitary gland, parathyroid gland, thyroid gland,
thymus, pancreas, adrenal gland, ovary & testes
Diabetes type 1
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells by t-
lymphocytes. Insulin replacement needed
Subjective Data (Type 1)
Polyuria and thirst
Weakness, fatigue
Polyphagia, weight loss
Blurred vision
