Midterm Exam: NR565/ NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology
Care of the Fundamentals Exam |
Questions and Verified Answers (2025/ 2025 Update)-
Chamberlain
,When is it used - ASCVD Risk Score - ANSWER-In children a screening
should be done between ages 9 and 11 and then again at ages 19 and 21. For
adults every 5 years after the age of 20. Some people are at greater risk like
those with diabetes and a risk score greater than 7.5% and should be screened
more often
ezetimibe- when can it be used? - ANSWER-pregnancy/breastfeeding can be
use in monotherapy or as adjunct therapy with a statin or a fibrate
What is ezetimibe? - ANSWER-Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor- lowers
cholesterol levels by decreasing the amount of cholesterol that is absorbed
from the small intestine, so that there is less intestinal cholesterol delivered to
the liver. Does not affect triglycerides
lifestyle changes for high cholesterol - ANSWER-Lifestyle changes are non
drug measures used to lower LDL. Four main issues are diet, exercise, weight
control, and smoking cessation
If a patient wanted to minimize side effects, which drug classification is a good
choice? - ANSWER-Non-statins- fibrates, Ezetimibe, Bile acid sequestrants.
Statins are generally well tolerated and side effects are uncommon. Some
patients develop headache, flatulence, constipation, or GI disturbances, but
,these effects are usually mild and transient
, Therapeutic action of organic nitrates (nitroglycerin) - ANSWER-direct
relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscles, and the dilation of coronary
vessels improves oxygen supply to the myocardium. The dilation of
peripheral veins, and in higher doses peripheral arteries, reduces preload and
afterload, and thereby lowers myocardial oxygen consumption.
promote vasodilation
Contraindications for ranolazine - ANSWER-Agents that inhibit CYP3A4 can
increase the levels of ranolazine and thereby increase the risk of torsades de
pointes. These things include: grapefruit juice, HIV protease inhibitors,
macrolide antibiotics, azole antifungal drugs, and some CCB. Most CCB but
not amlodipine can increase levels of ranolazine. Drugs that prolong the QT
interval can increase the risk of torsades de pointes. (quinidine, sotalol).
At what age can statins be prescribed? - ANSWER-avoid statin use in children
under the age of 10
CCB role with variant angina - ANSWER-promote relaxation of coronary
artery spasm, increasing cardiac oxygen supply
what medication can be added for patients with worsening symptoms of HF? -
ANSWER-aldosterone antagonist- promotes myocardial remodeling and
Care of the Fundamentals Exam |
Questions and Verified Answers (2025/ 2025 Update)-
Chamberlain
,When is it used - ASCVD Risk Score - ANSWER-In children a screening
should be done between ages 9 and 11 and then again at ages 19 and 21. For
adults every 5 years after the age of 20. Some people are at greater risk like
those with diabetes and a risk score greater than 7.5% and should be screened
more often
ezetimibe- when can it be used? - ANSWER-pregnancy/breastfeeding can be
use in monotherapy or as adjunct therapy with a statin or a fibrate
What is ezetimibe? - ANSWER-Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor- lowers
cholesterol levels by decreasing the amount of cholesterol that is absorbed
from the small intestine, so that there is less intestinal cholesterol delivered to
the liver. Does not affect triglycerides
lifestyle changes for high cholesterol - ANSWER-Lifestyle changes are non
drug measures used to lower LDL. Four main issues are diet, exercise, weight
control, and smoking cessation
If a patient wanted to minimize side effects, which drug classification is a good
choice? - ANSWER-Non-statins- fibrates, Ezetimibe, Bile acid sequestrants.
Statins are generally well tolerated and side effects are uncommon. Some
patients develop headache, flatulence, constipation, or GI disturbances, but
,these effects are usually mild and transient
, Therapeutic action of organic nitrates (nitroglycerin) - ANSWER-direct
relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscles, and the dilation of coronary
vessels improves oxygen supply to the myocardium. The dilation of
peripheral veins, and in higher doses peripheral arteries, reduces preload and
afterload, and thereby lowers myocardial oxygen consumption.
promote vasodilation
Contraindications for ranolazine - ANSWER-Agents that inhibit CYP3A4 can
increase the levels of ranolazine and thereby increase the risk of torsades de
pointes. These things include: grapefruit juice, HIV protease inhibitors,
macrolide antibiotics, azole antifungal drugs, and some CCB. Most CCB but
not amlodipine can increase levels of ranolazine. Drugs that prolong the QT
interval can increase the risk of torsades de pointes. (quinidine, sotalol).
At what age can statins be prescribed? - ANSWER-avoid statin use in children
under the age of 10
CCB role with variant angina - ANSWER-promote relaxation of coronary
artery spasm, increasing cardiac oxygen supply
what medication can be added for patients with worsening symptoms of HF? -
ANSWER-aldosterone antagonist- promotes myocardial remodeling and
