NFS 2230 Final Exam Questions and Answers Fully Solved
Four Steps of the Nutrition Care Process: - Answers Nutrition assessment
Nutrition diagnosis
Nutrition intervention
Nutrition monitoring and evaluation
Nutrition assessment - Answers -Collection and analysis of health-related data; to identify specific
nutrition problems and causes. Obtained from medical records, physical examination, laboratory
analysis and medical procedures, interview with patient and caregiver—Information is used to develop a
plan of action to correct underlying problem
Nutrition diagnosis: - Answers -Like nursing diagnoses; Used to identify the problem, etiology or cause,
and sign or symptom that shows evidence to the problem
Ex: unintentional weight loss (problem) related to insufficient kcaloric intake (cause) as evidenced by
10lb weight loss in the past few months (sign or symptom)
Nutrition intervention - Answers Plan of care is planned and implemented. -Includes counseling and
education about lifestyle changes or change in medication. Goals are stated in measurable outcomes -
weight gain or loss, decrease in glucose reading, carbohydrate counting.
Nutrition monitoring and evaluation - Answers Checking effectiveness of plan -monitored closely and
update assessment; care plan can always be altered or change depending on patients tolerance to plan
Drug-Nutrient interactions: - Answers May reduce appetite/increase appetite- weight gain-Intake,
Changing taste, smell, N/V, dry mouth, inflammation or sores.
Absorption: - Answers Change of acidity of GI, damaging mucosal cells, binding nutrients, competing for
absorption, increase gastric secretion, Metabolism: competing for transport on serum proteins, using
similar enzyme systems Excretion: altering nutrient reabsorption (diuretics), D/V.
Stomach acidity impairs the absorption of - Answers B12, folate, iron.
Drug-Nutrient and Drug-Drug Interactions can cause drug toxicity: - Answers increasing S/E of drugs,
increasing drug action:
Grapefruit- strengths the effect on certain drugs
Drug-Nutrient Binding: - Answers medications bind to nutrients, which prevent absorption EX:
antibiotics and nutrient supplements- use two hours apart.
Altered Stomach Acidity - Answers medications can reduce stomach acidity -impairing the absorption of
B12, folate and iron are medications like antacids and antiulcer drugs
, Direct Inhibition - Answers interfering with their transport into mucosal cells. Ex: Colchicine inhibits B12
absorption
Stomach-emptying rate: - Answers Drugs reach the small intestine quickly on an empty stomach. Some
medications are encouraged to take with food to avoid stomach irritation.
Stomach Acidity: - Answers Medications absorb differently depending on PH of stomach. Medications
can be damaged by acidity or coated medications given to reduce the damaging of medication.
Interactions with dietary components: - Answers Dietary substances bind to drugs and inhibit their
absorption
Protein Energy Malnutrition - Answers Patients with chronic kidney disease often develop PEM and
wasting
Recommended enteral nutrition tube feeding for patients at risk for developing protein energy
malnutrition
Mechanically altered diets: - Answers change in texture; mechanically soft/ pureed
For patients with dysphasia, no tongue control and limited chewing ability
Blenderized liquid diet - Answers foods and foods blended to liquid form; cannot
chew/swallow easily (oral or facial surgeries)
Clear liquid - Answers clear fluids/foods liquid at room temperature; For bowel
procedures, GI disturbances (transition after intravenous feeding) *Short term only*
Fat-Restricted Diet - Answers Limit dietary fat to low <50g/daily; Diarrhea, fatty stools from dietary fat
intolerance
Low-fiber diet: - Answers limits dietary fiber; acute phases of GI disorders-Short term.
Low Sodium: - Answers decrease sodium intake: lowers BP, prevents fluid retention,CHF, renal disease,
liver disease
High-Kcalorie, High protein: - Answers used for patients that require high intakes-
cancer, AIDs, burns and trauma, reverses malnutrition, promotes weight gain- Disadvantage: high fat
foods are added to increase energy intakes and therefore the diet may exceed 35% Kcalories from fat.
Parenteral Nutrition and principles around it - Answers Provides nutrients intravenously to patients who
do not have adequate GI function to handle enteral feeding
Parenteral Nutrition,Recommended for patients who - Answers are unable to digest or absorb nutrients
and who are either malnourished or likely to become so, patients that require bowl rest
Four Steps of the Nutrition Care Process: - Answers Nutrition assessment
Nutrition diagnosis
Nutrition intervention
Nutrition monitoring and evaluation
Nutrition assessment - Answers -Collection and analysis of health-related data; to identify specific
nutrition problems and causes. Obtained from medical records, physical examination, laboratory
analysis and medical procedures, interview with patient and caregiver—Information is used to develop a
plan of action to correct underlying problem
Nutrition diagnosis: - Answers -Like nursing diagnoses; Used to identify the problem, etiology or cause,
and sign or symptom that shows evidence to the problem
Ex: unintentional weight loss (problem) related to insufficient kcaloric intake (cause) as evidenced by
10lb weight loss in the past few months (sign or symptom)
Nutrition intervention - Answers Plan of care is planned and implemented. -Includes counseling and
education about lifestyle changes or change in medication. Goals are stated in measurable outcomes -
weight gain or loss, decrease in glucose reading, carbohydrate counting.
Nutrition monitoring and evaluation - Answers Checking effectiveness of plan -monitored closely and
update assessment; care plan can always be altered or change depending on patients tolerance to plan
Drug-Nutrient interactions: - Answers May reduce appetite/increase appetite- weight gain-Intake,
Changing taste, smell, N/V, dry mouth, inflammation or sores.
Absorption: - Answers Change of acidity of GI, damaging mucosal cells, binding nutrients, competing for
absorption, increase gastric secretion, Metabolism: competing for transport on serum proteins, using
similar enzyme systems Excretion: altering nutrient reabsorption (diuretics), D/V.
Stomach acidity impairs the absorption of - Answers B12, folate, iron.
Drug-Nutrient and Drug-Drug Interactions can cause drug toxicity: - Answers increasing S/E of drugs,
increasing drug action:
Grapefruit- strengths the effect on certain drugs
Drug-Nutrient Binding: - Answers medications bind to nutrients, which prevent absorption EX:
antibiotics and nutrient supplements- use two hours apart.
Altered Stomach Acidity - Answers medications can reduce stomach acidity -impairing the absorption of
B12, folate and iron are medications like antacids and antiulcer drugs
, Direct Inhibition - Answers interfering with their transport into mucosal cells. Ex: Colchicine inhibits B12
absorption
Stomach-emptying rate: - Answers Drugs reach the small intestine quickly on an empty stomach. Some
medications are encouraged to take with food to avoid stomach irritation.
Stomach Acidity: - Answers Medications absorb differently depending on PH of stomach. Medications
can be damaged by acidity or coated medications given to reduce the damaging of medication.
Interactions with dietary components: - Answers Dietary substances bind to drugs and inhibit their
absorption
Protein Energy Malnutrition - Answers Patients with chronic kidney disease often develop PEM and
wasting
Recommended enteral nutrition tube feeding for patients at risk for developing protein energy
malnutrition
Mechanically altered diets: - Answers change in texture; mechanically soft/ pureed
For patients with dysphasia, no tongue control and limited chewing ability
Blenderized liquid diet - Answers foods and foods blended to liquid form; cannot
chew/swallow easily (oral or facial surgeries)
Clear liquid - Answers clear fluids/foods liquid at room temperature; For bowel
procedures, GI disturbances (transition after intravenous feeding) *Short term only*
Fat-Restricted Diet - Answers Limit dietary fat to low <50g/daily; Diarrhea, fatty stools from dietary fat
intolerance
Low-fiber diet: - Answers limits dietary fiber; acute phases of GI disorders-Short term.
Low Sodium: - Answers decrease sodium intake: lowers BP, prevents fluid retention,CHF, renal disease,
liver disease
High-Kcalorie, High protein: - Answers used for patients that require high intakes-
cancer, AIDs, burns and trauma, reverses malnutrition, promotes weight gain- Disadvantage: high fat
foods are added to increase energy intakes and therefore the diet may exceed 35% Kcalories from fat.
Parenteral Nutrition and principles around it - Answers Provides nutrients intravenously to patients who
do not have adequate GI function to handle enteral feeding
Parenteral Nutrition,Recommended for patients who - Answers are unable to digest or absorb nutrients
and who are either malnourished or likely to become so, patients that require bowl rest
