IMED1004 – Week 1–3 – Key Definitions and Core Concepts in Health and Illness
disease - correct answer a pathological process-often physical. Presence of some deviation
from the biological norm.
illness - correct answer a feeling and experience of unhealthy which is entirely personal,
interior the person
health - correct answer a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity
public health - correct answer preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting physical health
and efficiency through organised community efforts
health education - correct answer the providing of accurate health information to help people
make healthy choices
health promotion - correct answer the process of enabling people to increase control over, and
to improve, their health
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion - correct answer An approach to health development by
the World Health Organisation which attempts to reduce inequalities in health. identifies three
basic strategies for health promotion, which are enabling, mediating, and advocacy.
strengthen community action - correct answer A strategy of ottawa charter which focuses on
building links between individuals and the community and centres around the community
working together to achieve a common goal
create supportive environments - correct answer Strategy of ottawa charter which encourages
individuals to support and help each other to make healthy choices now and in the future. The
safe, stimulating provision of facilities that support healthy lifestyles
Eg. - Hazard free playgrounds
- Shaded areas
develop personal skills - correct answer Strategy of ottawa charter which provides
opportunities for people to develop knowledge and skills that give them greater control over
their health. Education is a strong element of this area.
Eg. Learn how to cook a nutritious meal
Eg. Pour a standard drink
reorient health services - correct answer Strategy of ottawa charter which switches the focus
from focusing on just the biomedical model to a more preventative health care model, which
encourages medical professionals to place a stronger focus on health promotion by taking on
the role of the educator.
, IMED1004 – Week 1–3 – Key Definitions and Core Concepts in Health and Illness
building healthy public policy - correct answer Ottawa charter strategy which relates to
decisions made at all levels of govt and organisations toward health improvements - identifying
impact of policies, influencing policy and deciding where to spend the money-leading to greater
equity.
primary prevention - correct answer Efforts to prevent an injury or illness before it occurrs. e.g.
vaccinations
secondary prevention - correct answer Efforts to arrest an existing condition to minimise the
severity and complications i.e. mammography
tertiary prevention - correct answer efforts to reduce the complications of an existing condition
to minimise impact (disability) i.e. programs for chronic illness
health status - correct answer An individual's or a population's overall health, taking into
account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk
factors.
incidence - correct answer The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a
specific time.
prevalence - correct answer The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or
condition present in a population at a given time.
mortality - correct answer number of deaths in a population in a given period
morbidity - correct answer Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a
population or group.
burden of disease - correct answer measures the health impact of disease on a population in a
given year. Expressed as DALY
DALY - correct answer A measure of burden of disease, one _____ equals one year of healthy
life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.
determinants of health - correct answer Factors that raise or lower a level of health in a
population or individual. Help to explain or predict trends in health and why some groups have
better or worse health than others.
proximal - correct answer Level of determinant of health which has direct effect on health
i.e. lifestyle and behavioural factors, biological factors
intermediate - correct answer level of determinant of health which has less direct effects
i.e. material factors, access to health care, natural, physical and built environments
disease - correct answer a pathological process-often physical. Presence of some deviation
from the biological norm.
illness - correct answer a feeling and experience of unhealthy which is entirely personal,
interior the person
health - correct answer a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity
public health - correct answer preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting physical health
and efficiency through organised community efforts
health education - correct answer the providing of accurate health information to help people
make healthy choices
health promotion - correct answer the process of enabling people to increase control over, and
to improve, their health
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion - correct answer An approach to health development by
the World Health Organisation which attempts to reduce inequalities in health. identifies three
basic strategies for health promotion, which are enabling, mediating, and advocacy.
strengthen community action - correct answer A strategy of ottawa charter which focuses on
building links between individuals and the community and centres around the community
working together to achieve a common goal
create supportive environments - correct answer Strategy of ottawa charter which encourages
individuals to support and help each other to make healthy choices now and in the future. The
safe, stimulating provision of facilities that support healthy lifestyles
Eg. - Hazard free playgrounds
- Shaded areas
develop personal skills - correct answer Strategy of ottawa charter which provides
opportunities for people to develop knowledge and skills that give them greater control over
their health. Education is a strong element of this area.
Eg. Learn how to cook a nutritious meal
Eg. Pour a standard drink
reorient health services - correct answer Strategy of ottawa charter which switches the focus
from focusing on just the biomedical model to a more preventative health care model, which
encourages medical professionals to place a stronger focus on health promotion by taking on
the role of the educator.
, IMED1004 – Week 1–3 – Key Definitions and Core Concepts in Health and Illness
building healthy public policy - correct answer Ottawa charter strategy which relates to
decisions made at all levels of govt and organisations toward health improvements - identifying
impact of policies, influencing policy and deciding where to spend the money-leading to greater
equity.
primary prevention - correct answer Efforts to prevent an injury or illness before it occurrs. e.g.
vaccinations
secondary prevention - correct answer Efforts to arrest an existing condition to minimise the
severity and complications i.e. mammography
tertiary prevention - correct answer efforts to reduce the complications of an existing condition
to minimise impact (disability) i.e. programs for chronic illness
health status - correct answer An individual's or a population's overall health, taking into
account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk
factors.
incidence - correct answer The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a
specific time.
prevalence - correct answer The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or
condition present in a population at a given time.
mortality - correct answer number of deaths in a population in a given period
morbidity - correct answer Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a
population or group.
burden of disease - correct answer measures the health impact of disease on a population in a
given year. Expressed as DALY
DALY - correct answer A measure of burden of disease, one _____ equals one year of healthy
life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.
determinants of health - correct answer Factors that raise or lower a level of health in a
population or individual. Help to explain or predict trends in health and why some groups have
better or worse health than others.
proximal - correct answer Level of determinant of health which has direct effect on health
i.e. lifestyle and behavioural factors, biological factors
intermediate - correct answer level of determinant of health which has less direct effects
i.e. material factors, access to health care, natural, physical and built environments
