Kidney Transplant Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed
_____________ always accompanies kidney transplantation. - Answers Immunosuppression
The demand for kidney transplants is much ______________ than the supply. This leaves many patients
waiting on ____________. - Answers greater; dialysis
Transplantation offers ______________ survival, ________________ cost-effectiveness, and better
_____________ than dialysis. - Answers better; increased; quality of life
5 year survival in __________ donor transplant > ____________ donor transplant > _____________
dialysis > ________________ dialysis. - Answers living; deceased; peritoneal; hemodialysis
It must be taken into account when comparing 5-year survival of transplantation v. dialysis that the
kidney transplant recipients have undergone a ____________ process, thus they are more healthy. -
Answers selection
When accounting for selection process, transplantation has ____________ risk of death than dialysis in
the short term and ____________ risk of death than dialysis in the long term. - Answers more; less
The short term risk in transplantation is due to ___________ risk. - Answers surgical
The most common post-op complication causing death in kidney transplantation is ____________. -
Answers myocardial infarction
Things that move a patient higher on the transplant waitlist include expected ____________, and low
_____________ mortality risk. Contraindications for transplantation include severe ____________ or
___________ disease, active malignancies, severe _______________, or medication ______________. -
Answers lifespan; peri-operative; CAD; pulmonary; malnutrition; non-adherence
The two types of deceased donors include donation after __________ death and ______________
death. - Answers brain; cardiac
Besides the obvious (consent, good health, etc.), living donor selection requires ______________ and
_____________ compatibility. - Answers ABO blood group match; immunological
Absolute contraindications for living donors include: _____________, ____________, and
_______________. - Answers diabetes; renal disease (GFR<80); active infection/malignancy
Soft contraindications for _____________ include hypertension or age (<18 or >60). - Answers living
donor selection
The Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) is used to quantify risk of graft failure in donor recipient (0-100). A
lower score means the kidney _______________ (will or will not?) last longer. - Answers will
The number of kidney transplants per year is ________________, whereas the waitlist has been
___________ in recent years. - Answers pretty flat; increasing
, Mostly, kidney transplants come from _____________ donors. - Answers deceased
Transplant kidneys with a _____________ KDPI have better survival. - Answers low
Transplant kidneys with higher KDPI scores have ______________ survival but may be better than
dialysis. - Answers worse
_____________ donor kidneys do better than ______________ donor kidneys in terms of survival. -
Answers Living; deceased
Living transplant half life is about _____________ years, whereas deceased donor transplant half life is
about ____________ years. - Answers 14; 10
Transplant kidneys are placed much lower anatomically than nacent kidney. The renal artery is
connected to the ______________ artery and the renal vein is connected to the
____________________ vein. - Answers common or external iliac artery; common or external iliac vein
Living donor recipients are at _____________ risk for renal artery stenosis because they do not receive
______________, which is a piece of aorta connecting the iliac artery to the renal artery. - Answers
higher; carrel patch
No two individuals (except identical twins) have the same set of ____________ proteins, aka
_____________. - Answers MHC - Major Histcompatibility Complex; HLA - Human Leukocyte Antigens
T/F MHC proteins are present on RBCs. - Answers FALSE. The lack of MHC proteins on RBCs allows for
blood transfusion without rejection
Rejection of a transplant occurs when a recipient's immune system detects the donor's _____________
as foreign and may mount an immune response to it. - Answers MHC
The the type of rejection we worry about most is ______________. - Answers hyperacute rejection
A hyperacute rejection occurs when a recipient has pre-formed anti-HLA antibodies from a
_____________, a blood transfusion, or in ________________. - Answers previous transplant;
pregnancy
________________ rejection can immediately destroy the kidney. - Answers Hyperacute
A ____________ occurs immediately after transplant. - Answers hyperacute rejection
An ______________ rejection occurs typically between several days and weeks following
transplantation. - Answers Acute
Blood typing is important for transplantation. _____________ blood group is the universal donor and
______________ blood group is the universal recipient. - Answers O; AB
_____________ always accompanies kidney transplantation. - Answers Immunosuppression
The demand for kidney transplants is much ______________ than the supply. This leaves many patients
waiting on ____________. - Answers greater; dialysis
Transplantation offers ______________ survival, ________________ cost-effectiveness, and better
_____________ than dialysis. - Answers better; increased; quality of life
5 year survival in __________ donor transplant > ____________ donor transplant > _____________
dialysis > ________________ dialysis. - Answers living; deceased; peritoneal; hemodialysis
It must be taken into account when comparing 5-year survival of transplantation v. dialysis that the
kidney transplant recipients have undergone a ____________ process, thus they are more healthy. -
Answers selection
When accounting for selection process, transplantation has ____________ risk of death than dialysis in
the short term and ____________ risk of death than dialysis in the long term. - Answers more; less
The short term risk in transplantation is due to ___________ risk. - Answers surgical
The most common post-op complication causing death in kidney transplantation is ____________. -
Answers myocardial infarction
Things that move a patient higher on the transplant waitlist include expected ____________, and low
_____________ mortality risk. Contraindications for transplantation include severe ____________ or
___________ disease, active malignancies, severe _______________, or medication ______________. -
Answers lifespan; peri-operative; CAD; pulmonary; malnutrition; non-adherence
The two types of deceased donors include donation after __________ death and ______________
death. - Answers brain; cardiac
Besides the obvious (consent, good health, etc.), living donor selection requires ______________ and
_____________ compatibility. - Answers ABO blood group match; immunological
Absolute contraindications for living donors include: _____________, ____________, and
_______________. - Answers diabetes; renal disease (GFR<80); active infection/malignancy
Soft contraindications for _____________ include hypertension or age (<18 or >60). - Answers living
donor selection
The Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) is used to quantify risk of graft failure in donor recipient (0-100). A
lower score means the kidney _______________ (will or will not?) last longer. - Answers will
The number of kidney transplants per year is ________________, whereas the waitlist has been
___________ in recent years. - Answers pretty flat; increasing
, Mostly, kidney transplants come from _____________ donors. - Answers deceased
Transplant kidneys with a _____________ KDPI have better survival. - Answers low
Transplant kidneys with higher KDPI scores have ______________ survival but may be better than
dialysis. - Answers worse
_____________ donor kidneys do better than ______________ donor kidneys in terms of survival. -
Answers Living; deceased
Living transplant half life is about _____________ years, whereas deceased donor transplant half life is
about ____________ years. - Answers 14; 10
Transplant kidneys are placed much lower anatomically than nacent kidney. The renal artery is
connected to the ______________ artery and the renal vein is connected to the
____________________ vein. - Answers common or external iliac artery; common or external iliac vein
Living donor recipients are at _____________ risk for renal artery stenosis because they do not receive
______________, which is a piece of aorta connecting the iliac artery to the renal artery. - Answers
higher; carrel patch
No two individuals (except identical twins) have the same set of ____________ proteins, aka
_____________. - Answers MHC - Major Histcompatibility Complex; HLA - Human Leukocyte Antigens
T/F MHC proteins are present on RBCs. - Answers FALSE. The lack of MHC proteins on RBCs allows for
blood transfusion without rejection
Rejection of a transplant occurs when a recipient's immune system detects the donor's _____________
as foreign and may mount an immune response to it. - Answers MHC
The the type of rejection we worry about most is ______________. - Answers hyperacute rejection
A hyperacute rejection occurs when a recipient has pre-formed anti-HLA antibodies from a
_____________, a blood transfusion, or in ________________. - Answers previous transplant;
pregnancy
________________ rejection can immediately destroy the kidney. - Answers Hyperacute
A ____________ occurs immediately after transplant. - Answers hyperacute rejection
An ______________ rejection occurs typically between several days and weeks following
transplantation. - Answers Acute
Blood typing is important for transplantation. _____________ blood group is the universal donor and
______________ blood group is the universal recipient. - Answers O; AB
