PSYCH 104 final review(100% Guaranteed)
sociocognitive theory correct answers approach to explaining hypnosis based on people's
attitudes, beliefs, expectations, and responsiveness to waking suggestions
Peoples expectations are what they respond to
dissociation theory of hypnosis correct answers Hypnotized people are in an altered state where
their awareness is separated from other aspects of consciousness.
Five Stages of Sleep are characterized by neurological changes and subjective reports. correct
answers The changes in sleep differ neurologically in the types of brain waves (theta, delta),
physiological indicators such as REM, sleep spindles.
Subjective reports offer if the subject was dreaming (REM sleep), how hard they are to waken,
and how they feel upon being woken.
There are different levels of consciousness, including dissociation and intoxication. correct
answers Our experience of the world (consciousness) changes we could be dissociated(asleep) or
intoxicated(affected by drugs)
Pairing a neutral stimulus with a UCS can lead to the neutral stimulus becoming a CS. correct
answers Say you were to ring a bell every time before you were to feed him, he would one day
salivate when the bell rings. (Classical conditioning)
Negative reinforcement increases the likelihood of an operant behaviour. correct answers
Because if you did something bad, you aren't likely to do it again
operant conditioning correct answers a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if
followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
Negative reinforcement and negative punishment impact behaviour in different ways. correct
answers Negative reinforcement involves removing a stimulus which reinforces a behavior,
punishment involves negatively rewarding a certain behavior, which will reduce the likelyhood if
the given behavior.
A dog salivates every time a light is turned on. In this case, salivating would be a CR. correct
answers classical conditioning, NS+CS= NS becomes CS
The three memory systems differ in duration and capacity. correct answers Sensory: Large
capacity, brief retention (1-2s), contains sensory information
Short Term: Limited capacity, brief storage (30s), involved in conscious processing of
information
Long Term: Unlimited capacity, storage might be permanent, Information organized
three major processes of memory correct answers 1. Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval
, The Magic Number refers to the span of short-term memory. Chunking increases the span of
short-term
memory. correct answers Magic number: seven plus of minus two pieces of information.
Chunking: organizing material into meaningful groupings.
Semantic processing is deeper than phonological processing and differentially impacts encoding.
correct answers In short-term memory you can only hold 5-9 digits of info. The magic number
refers to that. How-ever chunking can increase that number by organizing info into meaningful
groups.
semantic processing correct answers Thinking about the meaning of words to be learnt (hear
word, encode the meaning)
phonological processing correct answers ability to discriminate and remember sounds within
words
We often observe serial position effects in recall memory tasks. correct answers In recall
memory tasks we can see the serial position effect - meaning when people have to recall
information then tend to remember things at the beginning of a list
(primacy effect) or a the end of the list (recency effect).
Primary emotions are easier to identify than secondary emotions. correct answers Primary
emotions like happiness, anger, sadness are easier to identify in all cultures than secondary
emotions like irritation, confusion, etc.
The two-factor model of emotional experience helps to explain the effect of context on affect.
correct answers With the two-factor model meaning we react based on our environment can
explain the effect of context. For example, when in a job interview you have to hide your nerves
and act positive and friendly
There are several movies that have characters who have been through hypnosis or 'mind control'
that
controls all of their choices, and yet the characters have no awareness of this control (e.g., any of
the
Jason Bourne movies, the Manchurian Candidate, Harry Potter - OK, that one might be magic...).
Given
what you've learned about sociocognitive theory and the myths and facts of hypnosis, what
would you
tell movie audiences about plots like these? correct answers You can only be hypnotized you
want to be. While under hypnosis you cannot doanything you wouldn't normally do. With
socicognitive and dissociation theories helpexplain why some people don't remember there
hypnotists experience
Using information from Chapter 5 (about jet lag) and Chapter 6 (about conditioned responses)
explain
sociocognitive theory correct answers approach to explaining hypnosis based on people's
attitudes, beliefs, expectations, and responsiveness to waking suggestions
Peoples expectations are what they respond to
dissociation theory of hypnosis correct answers Hypnotized people are in an altered state where
their awareness is separated from other aspects of consciousness.
Five Stages of Sleep are characterized by neurological changes and subjective reports. correct
answers The changes in sleep differ neurologically in the types of brain waves (theta, delta),
physiological indicators such as REM, sleep spindles.
Subjective reports offer if the subject was dreaming (REM sleep), how hard they are to waken,
and how they feel upon being woken.
There are different levels of consciousness, including dissociation and intoxication. correct
answers Our experience of the world (consciousness) changes we could be dissociated(asleep) or
intoxicated(affected by drugs)
Pairing a neutral stimulus with a UCS can lead to the neutral stimulus becoming a CS. correct
answers Say you were to ring a bell every time before you were to feed him, he would one day
salivate when the bell rings. (Classical conditioning)
Negative reinforcement increases the likelihood of an operant behaviour. correct answers
Because if you did something bad, you aren't likely to do it again
operant conditioning correct answers a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if
followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
Negative reinforcement and negative punishment impact behaviour in different ways. correct
answers Negative reinforcement involves removing a stimulus which reinforces a behavior,
punishment involves negatively rewarding a certain behavior, which will reduce the likelyhood if
the given behavior.
A dog salivates every time a light is turned on. In this case, salivating would be a CR. correct
answers classical conditioning, NS+CS= NS becomes CS
The three memory systems differ in duration and capacity. correct answers Sensory: Large
capacity, brief retention (1-2s), contains sensory information
Short Term: Limited capacity, brief storage (30s), involved in conscious processing of
information
Long Term: Unlimited capacity, storage might be permanent, Information organized
three major processes of memory correct answers 1. Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval
, The Magic Number refers to the span of short-term memory. Chunking increases the span of
short-term
memory. correct answers Magic number: seven plus of minus two pieces of information.
Chunking: organizing material into meaningful groupings.
Semantic processing is deeper than phonological processing and differentially impacts encoding.
correct answers In short-term memory you can only hold 5-9 digits of info. The magic number
refers to that. How-ever chunking can increase that number by organizing info into meaningful
groups.
semantic processing correct answers Thinking about the meaning of words to be learnt (hear
word, encode the meaning)
phonological processing correct answers ability to discriminate and remember sounds within
words
We often observe serial position effects in recall memory tasks. correct answers In recall
memory tasks we can see the serial position effect - meaning when people have to recall
information then tend to remember things at the beginning of a list
(primacy effect) or a the end of the list (recency effect).
Primary emotions are easier to identify than secondary emotions. correct answers Primary
emotions like happiness, anger, sadness are easier to identify in all cultures than secondary
emotions like irritation, confusion, etc.
The two-factor model of emotional experience helps to explain the effect of context on affect.
correct answers With the two-factor model meaning we react based on our environment can
explain the effect of context. For example, when in a job interview you have to hide your nerves
and act positive and friendly
There are several movies that have characters who have been through hypnosis or 'mind control'
that
controls all of their choices, and yet the characters have no awareness of this control (e.g., any of
the
Jason Bourne movies, the Manchurian Candidate, Harry Potter - OK, that one might be magic...).
Given
what you've learned about sociocognitive theory and the myths and facts of hypnosis, what
would you
tell movie audiences about plots like these? correct answers You can only be hypnotized you
want to be. While under hypnosis you cannot doanything you wouldn't normally do. With
socicognitive and dissociation theories helpexplain why some people don't remember there
hypnotists experience
Using information from Chapter 5 (about jet lag) and Chapter 6 (about conditioned responses)
explain
