South University NSG3007 Final Exam / South University NSG 3007 Final Exam (Latest-2020): Foundations of Professional Nursing: |100% Correct Answers, Download to Score A|

NSG 3007 Final Exam 1. Critical thinking in nursing needs to include which of the following important variables? a. Consideration of ethics and responsible decision making b. Ability to act quickly, often on impulse c. Ability to determine the best nursing interventions regardless of patient's values and beliefs d. Flexible thinking that rarely follows a pattern or considers standards ANS: A Feedback A Critical thinking in nursing is based on ethics and standards of the profession. B Critical thinking is consciously developed, complex, and purposeful, never impulsive. C Critical thinking and decision making are based on patient's values and beliefs. D Critical thinking is based on a decision-making model and nursing standards. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 154 2. A nursing student asks a faculty member how to improve critical thinking. Which response by the faculty is best? a. "Don't worry too much; it will come with time and experience." b. "Pay close attention to how you solve problems; assess your own style of thinking." c. "Spend time shadowing an experienced nurse to see how it is done." d. "Use ethical standards to guide how you approach patient situations." ANS: B Feedback A Although time and experience are important in developing critical thinking, people actually must actively consider how they think in order to improve critical thinking. B Making thinking a focus of concern and actively thinking about it is the best advise the faculty can give. C While observing an experienced nurse may be helpful, the student needs to be an active participant to improve critical thinking. D Using ethical and professional standards is a part of critical thinking, but that is only a portion of what makes a good critical thinker. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 154 3. Which of the following is a characteristic of an accomplished critical thinker? a. Inquisitiveness b. Narrow focus c. Unaffected by other arguments d. Quick decision making ANS: A Feedback A The accomplished critical thinker needs to ask questions when things do not seem quite right. B The accomplished critical thinker thinks broadly, considering all possibilities. C The accomplished critical thinker considers all information and all arguments before deciding on a course of action. D The accomplished critical thinker considers the facts, fits them into known patterns, considers all aspects of the problem, and makes decisions based on knowledge, not on instinct. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 153 4. Which of the following statements describes the purpose of the nursing process? a. Process of documentation designed to decrease liability b. Process designed to maximize reimbursement potential c. A sophisticated time-management strategy d. Process used to identify and solve patient problems ANS: D Feedback A Although proper documentation is part of the nursing process, it is a problem-solving process, not a documentation process. B The nursing process is not used with reimbursement potential in mind. C The nursing process is not a time-management strategy. D The purpose of the nursing process is to identify and solve patient problems. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 156 5. Which of the following is considered subjective data in information gathering from the patient? a. Pulse and blood pressure measurements b. ECG pattern c. Diaphoresis d. Pain ANS: D Feedback A Pulse rate and blood pressure measurements are signs or objective data that can be confirmed by observation. B The ECG pattern is objective data. C Diaphoresis is objective data. D Subjective data are the patient's perceptions, sometimes called "symptoms." DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 157 6. A nursing student is complaining about writing care plans. Which response by the faculty is best to help the student see the importance of this activity? a. "Using the nursing process will help nurses get reimbursement for their services." b. "You need a written plan of care so everyone is on the same page as you are." c. "The nursing process is a way to systematically think about and use patient data." d. "Most state nurse practice acts require them, so you need to learn how to do them." ANS: C Feedback A Demonstrating use of the nursing process may be important in obtaining reimbursement, but it is not the primary reason for using the nursing process (and writing care plans). B Having a detailed plan that other nurses can follow is important, but it is not the primary reason for using the nursing process (and writing care plans). C Writing care plans teaches students to use the nursing process, which is a systematic way of thinking about and processing patient data. D State nurse practice acts do require that nurses demonstrate the use of the nursing process, but this statement does not describe why the process itself is important. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 156 7. Which of the following is considered objective data obtained from the patient? a. "I can't catch my breath." b. Patient expresses concern about missing work. c. Patient nods, indicating an affirmative answer to a question. d. Blood pressure is 110/70 at 8 PM. ANS: D Feedback A A patient's expression of a problem is subjective data. B The patient expressing concern about missing work is an inference based on what a patient has said. C "Patient nods, indicating an affirmative answer to a question" is interpretation of a movement. D Objective data are measurable and observable. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 157 8. The nurse observes a patient lying rigidly in bed and taking shallow breaths. The patient reports a pain score of 4 out of 5 and says, "My leg hurts." The nurse determines that the objective and subjective data are a. incongruent and require more assessment. b. insufficient to make any conclusions. c. congruent and support that the patient is in pain. d. unclear; the nurse needs to talk to the patient's family for more information. ANS: C Feedback A The statement and behaviors observed indicate that the patient is experiencing pain. B One can make a conclusion because there is sufficient information available. C The patient states he/she is in pain and the rigid positioning and shallow breathing are behaviors found when individuals experience pain. D The subjective nature of pain requires obtaining the information from the patient if at all possible. The family can be an excellent source of information if the patient is unable to cooperate with the nurse's assessment. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 158 9. A nurse is admitting a non-English speaking patient to the hospital unit. Which is the best method of obtaining data from the patient? a. Asking the other family members to help interpret b. Performing a physical examination on the patient c. Interviewing the patient using a professional interpreter d. Attempting to obtain past medical records for this patient ANS: C Feedback A While tempting, the nurse should not use family members to interpret. They may insert cultural biases, may be embarrassed to translate certain topics, or may misunderstand the nurse's question. Professional interpreters must be used. B A physical examination yields important data, but the patient interview is the primary method of obtaining information. The nurse needs to use an interpreter to gain this information from the patient. C A professional interpreter has been trained to convey medical information without cultural biases and in an objective fashion. D Past medical records may provide useful information but obtaining them does not replace the need to conduct a patient interview with the assistance of a professional interpreter. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 161 10. What is the primary method of obtaining patient data? a. Medical record b. Speaking with family c. Interview with patient d. Physical examination ANS: C Feedback A The medical record is the third source, along with consultation. B The presence of others, even family, can obstruct the interview process. C The patient interview is the primary method of obtaining information. D The examination is the second process. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 158 11. What does the process of analysis of patient data directly result in? a. Validating actual problems or diagnoses b. Determining the nursing interventions of importance c. Identifying actual or potential problems amenable to nursing intervention d. Confirming the medical diagnosis ANS: C Feedback A Analysis identifies both actual and potential problems. B Analysis identifies problems. The most important interventions are determined by identifying the most important problems and the interventions related to them. C Analysis will identify both actual and potential problems. These problems can be addressed through nursing interventions. D The identification of patient problems that nursing can intervene with is not related only to the medical diagnosis. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge | Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 159 12. Which of the following describes the primary difference between nursing diagnoses and medical diagnoses? a. Nursing diagnoses identify simple instead of complex problems. b. Nursing diagnoses must be verified by a physician. c. Nursing diagnoses, like medical diagnoses, identify medical diseases. d. Nursing diagnoses identify problems that can be treated with independent nursing actions. ANS: D Feedback A Nursing diagnoses are not simple versus complex problems but the human response to disease. B Nursing diagnoses are identified by nurses and do not need to be verified by any other professional. C Nursing diagnoses identify the human effect of disease on the person. D Nursing diagnoses identify problems that nurses can treat within their scope of practice. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 159 13. Which of the following is a correctly stated nursing diagnosis? a. Fluid volume deficit b. Hypovolemia related to vomiting c. Fluid volume deficit related to vomiting as evidenced by increased heart rate and decreased urine output d. Hypovolemia related to nausea as evidenced by restlessness and anxiety ANS: C Feedback A "Fluid volume deficit" is incomplete; it contains only the diagnostic label. B "Hypovolemia related to vomiting" is incomplete; it contains only the diagnostic label and the etiology. C "Fluid volume deficit related to vomiting as evidenced by increased heart rate and decreased urine output" contains the diagnostic label, the etiology, and the defining characteristics. D The etiology of "hypovolemia related to nausea as evidenced by restlessness and anxiety" is incorrect. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 160 14. A patient is admitted with the diagnosis of bronchitis, congestive heart failure, and fever. The nurse's assessment finds a temperature of 101° F, peripheral edema, and rhonchi. Which of the following is the best etiology to support the nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance? a. Peripheral edema b. Retained secretions c. Bronchitis d. Congestive heart failure ANS: B Feedback A Peripheral edema is related to the accumulation of fluid in the feet and legs but has nothing to do with the airway. B The nursing diagnosis indicates that "something" may be blocking the airway. Respiratory secretions are the only choice that could block the airway. C Bronchitis is a medical diagnosis. D Congestive heart failure is a medical diagnosis. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 160 15. Why is the etiology of the nursing diagnosis statement important? a. If the etiology is incorrect, the nursing interventions are likely to be ineffective. b. The etiology will be the same each time the nursing diagnosis is identified. c. The etiology is necessary to identify the defining characteristics. d. The etiology determines whether the problem can be solved. ANS: A Feedback A On the basis of the etiology, different interventions would be selected; for example, anxiety versus fatigue. B The etiology can vary although the same diagnosis is identified. For example, the etiology of the nursing diagnosis of ineffective breathing pattern could be either fatigue or anxiety. C The etiology is not necessary to identify the defining characteristics that are the signs and symptoms of the nursing diagnosis. D The resolution of the problem is not determined by the etiology. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 160 16. A patient is admitted with asthma. The nurse's assessment finds a temperature of 99° F, wheezing, speaking in three-word phrases, and respiratory rate of 16 breaths per minute. Which of the following are the best defining characteristics to support the diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance related to inflammation and constriction of the bronchial tree? a. Elevated temperature and respiratory rate b. Diagnosis of asthma with wheezing c. Wheezing and speaking in three-word phrases d. Limited vocalization and fever ANS: C Feedback A Neither the temperature nor the respiratory rate is outside of the norms of an adult. B The medical diagnosis is not a defining characteristic. C The constriction causes wheezing and difficulty vocalizing. D There is no fever. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 160 17. Which of the following patient problems is given the highest priority by the nurse? a. Anxiety related to hospitalization as manifested by hyperactive state b. Impaired tissue perfusion, cerebral, related to hypoxia as manifested by decreased level of consciousness c. Impaired skin integrity related to surgical incision d. Risk for fluid volume overload related to imbalance in antidiuretic hormone as manifested by peripheral edema and decreased sodium ANS: B Feedback A Anxiety is a psychological, not a physical or life-threatening, problem. B Impaired tissue perfusion, cerebral, is life threatening and would take priority. C Impaired skin integrity has a potential for harm but does not take priority over cerebral tissue perfusion problems. D Risk for fluid volume overload related to imbalance in antidiuretic hormone as manifested by peripheral edema and decreased sodium is a potential problem and does not take priority over actual problems. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 160 18. Which of the following patient problems is given the highest priority by the nurse using Maslow's hierarchy of needs? a. Anxiety related to fear of the hospital b. Ineffective airway clearance related to retained secretions c. Fluid volume excess related to third spacing of fluid (edema) d. Ineffective thermoregulation related to fever ANS: B Feedback A Psychological safety is a not higher level need than oxygenation. B The need for oxygen is one of the most basic needs according to Maslow's hierarchy. C Although fluid volume excess related to third spacing of fluid (edema) concerns a basic need, it is not as life threatening as lack of oxygen. D Although ineffective thermoregulation related to fever concerns a basic need, it is not as life threatening as lack of oxygen. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 160 19. The identification of nursing diagnosis and goal setting should ideally be a collaborative process between the nurse and which other party? a. Physician b. Nurse manager c. Patient's family d. Patient ANS: D Feedback A The physician does not set nursing goals. B The nurse manager does not set nursing goals. C The family does not set goals for the patient. D Nursing goals should be agreed on jointly by the nurse and the patient. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 161 20. Which of the following statements has all of the necessary criteria for a well-written outcome? a. Patient will consume 50% of meals with no nausea and vomiting by 24 hours postsurgery. b. Therapist will report improvement in patient's range of motion on a daily basis. c. Patient will ambulate in the halls a little today. d. Patient's condition will improve before discharge. ANS: A Feedback A "Patient will consume 50% of meals with no nausea and vomiting by 24 hours postsurgery" is specific, measurable, and has a specific time frame. B Outcomes should be patient focused. C "Patient will ambulate in the halls a little today" is nonspecific and not measurable. D "Patient's condition will improve before discharge" is nonspecific, is nonmeasurable, and has no time frame. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 162 21. A patient is in respiratory distress and placed on oxygen. Which is the most appropriate short-term goal? a. Nasal cannula remains in place. b. Patient completes morning care and eats breakfast. c. Patient verbalizes that he is breathing better after lunch. d. Patient maintains an oxygen saturation of 90% during the shift. ANS: D Feedback A "Nasal cannula remains in place" is not a patient goal, and there is no time frame. B "Patient completes morning care and eats breakfast" is broad, and there is no time frame. C Although there is a short time frame, the goal "patient verbalizes that he is breathing better after lunch" lacks specificity. D "Patient maintains an oxygen saturation of 90% during the shift" involves a specific goal for the patient in a short time frame. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 162 22. Which of the following is an appropriate long-term goal to measure diabetes control for a patient in whom diabetes has been newly diagnosed? a. Patient will inject insulin twice daily. b. Patient will keep appointments with physician over the next 6 months. c. Patient's A1c will be 5% at 1 year postdiagnosis. d. Patient's recorded blood glucose will be between 60 and 120 mg/dL each day. ANS: C Feedback A Taking the insulin is important but does not indicate how well blood glucose was controlled. B Although keeping appointments is important for diabetes management, this does not indicate blood glucose control. C "Patient's A1c will be 5% at 1 year postdiagnosis" reflects the best indicator of long-term control of blood glucose level and therefore diabetes management. This goal is specific and easily measurable. D "Patient's recorded blood glucose will be between 60 and 120 mg/dL each day" is a short-term measure of blood glucose control. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 162 23. Which of the following is an independent nursing intervention? a. Teaching a patient with congestive heart failure to weigh herself daily b. Recommending an extra dose of diuretic to the patient whose weight has increased 2 pounds overnight c. Changing the first surgical dressing on a patient after surgery d. Transferring a patient out of the intensive care unit 2 days after vascular surgery ANS: A Feedback A Teaching requires no supervision, and nurses can carry out teaching interventions independently. B Prescribing medication is not a nursing intervention. C "Changing the first surgical dressing on a patient after surgery" is a dependent nursing action. D "Transferring a patient out of the intensive care unit 2 days after vascular surgery" is a dependent nursing intervention. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 163 24. Which of the following represents an interdependent nursing action? a. Giving the patient an ordered medication b. Bathing the patient c. Inserting a Foley catheter d. Participating in a "code" (cardiac arrest response) ANS: D Feedback A "Giving the patient an ordered medication" is a dependent nursing action. B "Bathing the patient" is an independent nursing action. C "Inserting a Foley catheter" is a dependent nursing action. D "Participating in a 'code' (cardiac arrest response)" is an example of an action that involves collaboration with other health care professionals before and during implementation. It requires a protocol. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 163 25. The use of standardized plans of care for different patient populations has a. facilitated the use of critical paths as interdisciplinary plans of care. b. required the nurse to individualize the plan of care to the patient. c. eliminated the need for the nurse to develop a plan of care for an individual. d. increased the time the nurse has to document the plan of care. ANS: B Feedback A Standardized plans of care are not always critical paths and/or interdisciplinary. B Although plans for frequent patient problems can be easily produced, the plan of care still may need to be modified to meet the needs of the patient. C The use of standardized plans of care has not eliminated the need for an individualized plan. D The use of the standardized plans of care has decreased the time required of the nurse to update and document the plan of care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 163 26. The nurse instructs the patient about incentive spirometry as preoperative teaching. Which phase of the nursing process does this illustrate? a. Assessment b. Planning c. Implementation d. Evaluation ANS: C Feedback A The example in the question is an intervention, not an assessment. B The example in the question is an intervention, not a plan. C Implementation is the phase of the nursing process when interventions are carried out. D The example of incentive spirometry is not an evaluation. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 164 27. In the nursing process, the evaluation phase is used to determine the a. value of the nursing intervention. b. accuracy of problem identification. c. the quality of the plan of care. d. degree of outcome achievement. ANS: D Feedback A Evaluation does not measure the value of the intervention. B Evaluation does not measure the accuracy of problem identification. C While it is an indicator of the effectiveness of the plan of care, evaluation is far more than that. D The evaluation phase of the nursing process is used to evaluate patient progress related to goals and outcome achievement to determine whether a problem is resolved. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 164 28. A nurse reviewing a patient's care plan notes a goal of "Patient will ambulate 50 feet, three times in the hallway today." According to Bloom, what taxonomic category is this goal? a. Affective domain b. Physical domain c. Psychomotor domain d. Cognitive domain ANS: C Feedback A The affective domain involves feelings, emotions, values, and attitudes. This goal is not in the affective domain. B Bloom's taxonomy does not include "physical" domain. C The psychomotor involves movement and motor skills. An ambulation goal would be part of this domain. D The cognitive domain includes knowledge and cognitive skills. Ambulating would not be part of the cognitive domain. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 161 MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. A "well-cultivated critical thinker" is an individual who does which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Raises questions b. Recognizes alternative ways to see problems c. Uses only logic to determine relevance of information d. Implements solutions to complex problems only as an individual e. Criticizes solutions and alternatives suggested by others ANS: A, B Feedback Correct A critical thinker identifies clear and precise questions and is open-minded to alternative ways to see problems. Incorrect A critical thinker gathers and assesses all relevant information and will communicate with others as he or she formulates solutions. Critical thinking does not involve criticism of others' solutions and ideas, although it does include questioning and arriving at one's own conclusions. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 154 2. The nurse is admitting a patient for surgery. The patient is twisting a handkerchief over and over while saying, "I'm going to have a little mole removed. I'm not worried. The surgery will take only an hour, and then I will go home. I've never been sick a day in my life, so I'll be fine." The nurse finds the following during her physical assessment: blood pressure is 150/90; temperature is 98.6° F; pulse is 88 beats per minute; respiration is 20 breaths per minute; black, brown, and red pigmented pea-sized raised area on her shoulder. Which of the above information would be considered objective data? (Select all that apply.) a. Twisting handkerchief b. Blood pressure 150/90 c. "I'm having this little mole removed." d. Patient is worried. e. Patient is exhibiting denial. ANS: A, B Feedback Correct Twisting handkerchief and blood pressure 150/90 are measurable or observable data. Incorrect "Patient is worried" is subjective data, and "I'm having this little mole removed" is the patient's description of what is going to occur. ""Patient is worried" is incorrect because this is a conclusion the nurse might make based on the subjective and objective data. "Patient is exhibiting denial" is incorrect because this is a conclusion or inference that the nurse might make based on the data. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 157 3. The nurse is admitting a patient for surgery. The patient is twisting a handkerchief over and over while saying, "I'm going to have a little mole removed. I'm not worried. The surgery will take only an hour, and then I will go home. I've never been sick a day in my life, so I'll be fine." The nurse finds the following during her physical assessment: blood pressure is 150/90; temperature is 98.6° F; pulse is 88 beats per minute; respiration is 20 breaths per minute; black, brown, and red pigmented pea-sized raised area on her shoulder. Which of the above information would be considered subjective data? (Select all that apply.) a. Pigmented mole on shoulder b. "I'm not worried… I'll be fine." c. Patient is anxious. d. Heart rate is increased. e. "The surgery will take only an hour and then I will go home." ANS: B, E Feedback Correct "I'm not worried… I'll be fine" and "The surgery will take only an hour and then I will go home" are statements made by the patient describing feelings or events. Incorrect "Pigmented mole on shoulder" is a conclusion based on objective data. "Patient is anxious" is incorrect because this is a conclusion the nurse might make based on the subjective and objective data. "Heart rate is increased" is incorrect because this is a conclusion the nurse might make based on objective data. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 157 4. Several methods have been developed to assist nurses in organizing patient data. They include (Select all that apply.) a. Henderson's 14 nursing problems. b. Gordon's 11 functional health patterns. c. Nightingale's ecological framework. d. Abdellah's 21 nursing problems. ANS: A, B, D Feedback Correct Henderson's 14 nursing problems, Gordon's 11 functional health patterns, and Abdellah's 21 nursing problems help sort patient data into categories. Incorrect Nightingale did not provide a method of organizing patient data. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 158 5. Developing sound clinical judgment is a professional responsibility of the nurse. Which statements indicate behaviors that improve clinical judgment? (Select all that apply.) a. "I always assess before acting and make changes as needed." b. "I work the shifts I am assigned." c. "I look for research findings to support my nursing actions." d. "I believe that every patient deserves my very best efforts." e. "I have read the professional nursing standards." ANS: A, C, D, E Feedback Correct "I always assess before acting and make changes as needed," "I look for research findings to support my nursing actions," "I believe that every patient deserves my very best efforts," and "I have read the professional nursing standards" are behaviors that demonstrate the use of resources and the nursing process to give the patient quality care. These activities facilitate the development of clinical judgment. Incorrect The nurse is not taking opportunities to extend herself or himself and potentially learn from other situations. This would not show sound clinical judgment. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 165 9: Communication and Collaboration in Nursing Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following best describes Peplau's theory on therapeutic use of self? a. Putting patients' needs ahead of your own b. Providing excellent clinical skills to improve patients' health status c. Using excellent interpersonal skills to help patients improve their health status d. Self-protection through avoidance of a relationship with the patient ANS: C Feedback A "Putting patients' needs ahead of your own" is not the best answer because although it is true that the patient's needs, not the nurse's, are met during the therapeutic relationship, nurses should not necessarily put all patient needs ahead of their own. B The theory focuses on therapeutic communication, not clinical skills. C Peplau's theory described "using one's personality and communication skills to help patients improve their health status" as therapeutic use of self. D The focus is the patient, not the nurse. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 170 2. Therapeutic use of self involves a. forming a relationship based on the nurse's knowledge, attitudes, and skills to communicate effectively. b. providing a safe environment based on the use of environmental manipulation and verbal limit setting. c. evaluation of nurse-patient interactions and the creation of social alliances. d. determining whether it is necessary to listen to the patient and provide feedback. ANS: A Feedback A Therapeutic use of self as defined by Peplau included using communication skills to help patients. B Therapeutic use of self does not involve the manipulation of the environment. C Therapeutic use of self does not involve the creation of social alliances. D Therapeutic use of self involves listening and providing feedback to the patient. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 170 3. What is the most important information the nurse should share with the patient during the orientation phase? a. Name, credentials, extent of responsibility b. Plan for the day, times the nurse will be unavailable, how to contact the nurse c. Nurse's name, physician's name, possible discharge date d. Plan for discharge, teaching needs, goals for the day ANS: A Feedback A During the orientation phase the nurse shares his or her name, credentials, and extent of responsibilities. B Sharing information about the plan for the day, times the nurse will be unavailable and how to contact the nurse is not primary during the orientation phase. C Determining a discharge date would be the responsibility of the entire treatment team. D The nurse does not share the plan for discharge and teaching needs during the orientation phase. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 170 4. One of the most important outcomes of the orientation phase of the nurse-patient relationship is the development of mutual a. communication. b. understanding. c. acceptance. d. trust. ANS: D Feedback A The entire relationship requires excellent communication, not just the orientation phase. B All phases of the therapeutic relationship require understanding. C All phases require nonjudgmental acceptance. D The purpose of the orientation phase is to establish trust. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 170 5. Which behaviors help patients develop trust in the nurse? a. Answering questions with authority b. Sharing personal information to indicate openness c. Conveying acceptance of the patient and a nonjudgmental attitude d. Meeting with the patient spontaneously because that indicates caring ANS: C Feedback A Although answering questions as fully as possible and admitting the limits of knowledge facilitates trust, answering questions with authority implying that this is the entire answer does not help develop trust. B The sharing of personal information does not help develop trust. C Accepting the patient's thoughts and feelings without judgment helps develop trust in the nurse. D Meeting at designated times helps the patient develop trust that the nurse will follow through with what is promised. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 170 6. The nurse says to a newly diagnosed diabetic patient, "I will be working with you during your 3-day stay to help you practice insulin injections and to review your new diet. I'm wondering if we could find a time of day to begin the teaching sessions that is good for us." This conversation would occur in which phase of the nurse-patient relationship? a. Acquaintance phase b. Orientation phase c. Working phase d. Termination phase ANS: B Feedback A The phases of the nurse-patient relationship do not include an acquaintance phase. B During the orientation phase the time frame of the relationship is established, the problems to be worked on are identified, and a time to meet is established. C The working phase is when the nurse and patient address the problems. D The termination phase is when the relationship is ending. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 170 7. Which of the following suggests that a successful contract has been established between the nurse and patient in the orientation phase of the nurse-patient relationship? a. Patient has agreed to learn to change his colostomy bag. b. Patient ambulates in the hall without assistance. c. Patient allows the nurse to inject his daily insulin. d. Patient asks the charge nurse to verify that the staff nurse's teaching is correct. ANS: A Feedback A The successful completion of a planned intervention signifies the successful establishment of the therapeutic relationship. B The patient is acting independently of the nurse's instructions. C The patient is not moving toward goals of independence. D Trust has not been established. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 171 8. A newly diagnosed diabetic patient states "I have very definite likes and dislikes when it comes to food. Am I going to have to eat only certain foods, or will I have some choice?" The nurse responds, "Why don't you give me a list of your likes and dislikes? I will consult with the dietitian about how to include your preferences and still come up with a good diet for you." What phase of the nurse-patient relationship is this? a. Relationship phase b. Orientation phase c. Working phase d. Termination phase ANS: C Feedback A The phases of the nurse-patient relationship do not include a relationship phase. B The orientation phase is when the relationship is established, the problems to be worked on are identified, and a time to meet is established. C The working phase is when the nurse and patient address the problems that have been identified. D The termination phase is when the relationship is ending. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 171 9. A patient demonstrates obvious regression in ability to perform self-care during the working phase. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? a. Frustration because the patient does not appear to be motivated to achieve goals b. Persistence in demonstrating the importance of achieving goals c. Patience and understanding because regression is a defense mechanism d. Ignoring it because the nurse realizes the patient is exhibiting childlike behavior ANS: C Feedback A The nurse needs to show patience and maturity, not frustration. B Regression may be a necessary defense mechanism against stress, and the nurse needs patience during this time. C Patience and understanding are necessary because the patient's progress toward goal achievement may not be smooth. Regression is a defense mechanism that may precede positive outcomes. D Understanding of regression is needed during this time. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 171 10. When should the preparation for the termination phase of the nurse-patient relationship begin? a. In the orientation phase b. During the working phase c. As part of the termination phase d. Right before termination ANS: A Feedback A During the orientation phase, the nurse gives the patient an estimated time frame for their relationship. This begins the preparation for termination. B Preparation for termination of the nurse-patient relationship begins in the orientation phase. C Preparation for termination of the nurse-patient relationship begins in the orientation phase. D Preparation for termination of the nurse-patient relationship begins in the orientation phase. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 171 11. The nurse and patient may experience sadness during the termination phase. How can the nurse help the patient be successful in the termination phase of the nurse-patient relationship? a. Providing personal contact information so the patient can contact the nurse if needed b. Visiting the patient at home during off-duty time to help the transition to self-care c. Emphasizing the achievements the patient has made, including the ability for self-care d. Exchanging goodbye gifts as a sign that the relationship is terminated ANS: C Feedback A Nurses should not maintain personal communication with patients after discharge. B The nurse respects professional boundaries. C Emphasizing the patient's achievement of goals and the reasons he or she does not need the nurse anymore is effective in the termination process. D Nurses should not exchange gifts with patients but should instead respect professional boundaries. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 171 12. A patient is being discharged from the hospital. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate for the termination phase of the nurse-patient relationship? a. "You must be happy to be going home. Here are the written diet and medication instructions." b. "It has been wonderful getting to know you. The best of luck when you get home." c. "During the past 3 days, you have learned how to inject insulin and how to make appropriate food choices. Remember that you have the unit telephone number if you have any questions." d. "You have done well learning a lot of new material and should be able to do well at home." ANS: C Feedback A This response does not summarize what has occurred, which is an important part of the termination phase. B This response does not include a summary of the progress the patient has made, which is an important part of the termination phase. C Summarizing the gains the patient has made is important during the termination phase. D This response gives false reassurance about success at home. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 171 13. Which of the following is an effective way to maintain safe professional boundaries? a. Never accepting small gifts from patients b. Finding ways to satisfy your needs through personal relationships outside of nursing c. Avoiding caring for patients who ask personal questions about you d. Sharing your personal stories so that patients will feel understood and trusting ANS: B Feedback A There are many other possibilities for violating professional boundaries; gifts are only one small way and, on occasions when the gift is not valuable and can be shared with the entire staff, may be accepted. B Respecting professional boundaries means that the nurse recognizes the vulnerability of the patient and the power that comes from the nurse's personal knowledge about the patient. Finding ways to satisfy personal needs outside of the professional relationship will prevent the nurse from becoming inappropriately involved with the patient. C Avoidance is not a helpful response to any nurse-patient problem. D The nurse should stay focused on the patient. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 172 14. Which of the following is most important in order for a new staff nurse to communicate therapeutically with patients? a. Focusing interactions on educating patients about their treatments b. Becoming aware of own feelings about illness and death c. Sharing information about the intimate details of one's own life d. Presenting himself or herself as a knowledgeable and experienced clinician ANS: B Feedback A Although education is important for patients, this does not help the nurse understand his or her feeling and responses. B Reflection will allow the nurse to develop self-awareness, which will help him or her become a better advocate for the patients. C Sharing intimate personal information is not therapeutic. D As a new nurse, knowledge and experience may be limited; portraying more knowledge and experience than one has is deceitful. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 175 15. During report, a nurse complains about a 3-year-old boy, saying "He sure knows when to pour on the tears. There's nothing wrong until he sees you; then the tears start, but they stop as soon as you leave or his mother comes. He's just spoiled because they have a nanny at home who waits on him hand and foot." This is an example of a. lack of understanding of child development. b. frustration that the mother is not present. c. assessment of the child's behavior. d. stereotyping because the child has a nanny. ANS: D Feedback A The response does not reflect lack of knowledge about child development, assessment of the behavior, or a response to the mother's not being present. B The response does not reflect lack of knowledge about child development, assessment of the behavior, or a response to the mother's not being present. C The response does not reflect lack of knowledge about child development, assessment of the behavior, or a response to the mother's not being present. D Stereotypes are simplistic and illogical images used to describe groups of people. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 174 16. A nurse comments in private about a patient: "That lady with six kids is pregnant again! It makes me sick to see these people on welfare taking away from our tax dollars. I don't know how she can continue to do this." The best response by a nurse peer is to a. ignore the biased statements. b. accept the comments as self-disclosure. c. offer neutral responses. d. convey acceptance of the patient. ANS: D Feedback A To ignore the statements will not help this nurse become aware of stereotypes. B These statements do not qualify as self-disclosure. C Offering neutral responses will not help the nurse become aware of stereotyping. D Acceptance conveys neither approval nor disapproval of personal beliefs. Nonjudgmental acceptance means that the nurse acknowledges that all people have rights to be different and to express their differences. Nurses should convey acceptance of people as they are even if they disagree with specific beliefs and/or practices. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 175 17. Which of the following best illustrates nonjudgmental acceptance by the nurse? a. Using professional influence to change a patient's morality to be more in keeping with societal norms b. Changing your assignment if you discover that you have negative feelings toward your patient's lifestyle c. Demonstrating caring behavior in spite of negative feelings d. Avoiding all negative feelings about the patient ANS: C Feedback A The nurse should not attempt to change a patient's belief system or morality. B We cannot control our feelings but need to be able to control our behaviors. C Acceptance indicates neither approval nor disapproval of patient's beliefs, behaviors, or lifestyles. D Prejudices are strong, and we may be unaware of them. It is impossible to control all negative feelings, but it is professional to acknowledge them and continue to provide safe and effective care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 175 18. Using Hagerty and Patusky's theory of human relatedness (2003), the nurse-patient relationship has been reconceptualized by approaching a. each patient contact as one step in a lengthy relationship-building process. b. patients with a sense of the patient's autonomy, choice, and participation. c. the relationship as one in which the nurse has the power. d. the nurse-patient contact as an opportunity to streamline caregiving. ANS: B Feedback A Each contact should be approached as an opportunity for connection and goal achievement and not a lengthy process. B The relationship between the nurse and the patient is on a more equitable basis than the traditional nurse-patient relationship. C The relationship should be equitable. D The reconceptualization does not streamline caregiving. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 175 19. Which is true of verbal and nonverbal communication? a. Verbal messages are more important than nonverbal cues. b. Individuals can exercise more control over nonverbal communication. c. Verbal and nonverbal communication always match. d. The nonverbal communication may be a more reliable message. ANS: D Feedback A The nonverbal message may tell much more than the verbal one. B Individuals can exercise more control over verbal communication than nonverbal communication. C Verbal and nonverbal communication are not always congruent. D Nonverbal communication includes gestures, posture, facial expressions, eye contact, and actions, among other things. Although the verbal message using words may be short, the nonverbal message can tell much more about the person's feelings. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 176 20. Which of the following could be considered congruent communication? a. The nurse manager states, "Come by my office anytime." Then she keeps her door closed and does not answer phone calls. b. As a co-worker hurries down the hall, he asks, "Is there anything you need help with?" c. As she drops a stack of charts loudly on the desk, a co-worker states, "This is going to be a wonderful day." d. The nurse manager sits with you in the nurse's lounge and asks, "Is there anything you would like to talk about?" ANS: D Feedback A The verbal message is that she is available, but the closed door indicates otherwise. B The verbal message is willingness to help; the nonverbal message is, "I hope you do not ask." C The dropping of the charts loudly indicates frustration and is incongruent with the message "This is going to be a wonderful day." Sarcasm is incongruent communication. D The nurse manager's verbal message matches the nonverbal message. This is the definition of congruent communication. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 176 21. A nurse is irrigating pressure ulcers on a patient's coccyx. When the patient asks how they are healing, the nurse grimaces and says, "Oh, they're doing just fine." This is a. incongruence between verbal and nonverbal messages. b. a confirming statement. c. objectivity in responding to the question. d. the therapeutic use of humor. ANS: A Feedback A The words say, "It's OK," but the facial grimaces say it is not. B The verbal and nonverbal messages do not match. C Objectivity is not found in the statement. D There is no use of humor. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 176 22. Context is one of the five major elements of communication identified by Ruesch. Which of the following is part of the context of communication? a. Information about the sender b. Attitude of the receiver c. Response of the receiver d. Content of the message ANS: B Feedback A Information about the sender is not part of the context of the communication. B Context refers to the environment in which the interaction occurs. This includes the mood and the relationship between the sender and receiver. C The response of the receiver is not part of the context of communication. D The content of the message is not part of the context of communication. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 177 23. A new mother says to the nurse, "It really hurts me to breastfeed. I think I should wean my baby." The most appropriate response by the nurse is, a. "It is good to wean the baby early because it is easier on you." b. "If I understand you, it hurts when you breastfeed. Tell me how and when it hurts." c. "It is your decision to make whether you breastfeed." d. "You should continue to breastfeed because it is much better for the baby." ANS: B Feedback A Saying "It is good to wean the baby early because it is easier on you" gives a response before the situation is clarified and closes off continued communication. B The nurse is gaining feedback that helps the nurse understand more about the situation from the patient's perspective and keeps communication open. C Saying "It is your decision to make whether you breastfeed" gives a response before the situation is clarified and closes off continued communication. D Saying "You should continue to breastfeed because it is much better for the baby" gives a response before the situation is clarified and closes off continued communication. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 178 24. A new mother says to the nurse, "It really hurts me to breastfeed. I think I should wean my baby." The nurse responds, "If I understand you, it hurts when you breastfeed. Tell me how and when it hurts." This response best represents which criterion of successful communication? a. Appropriateness b. Efficiency c. Feedback d. Flexibility ANS: C Feedback A Appropriateness relates to whether the reply fits the circumstances and matches the message. B Efficiency means using simple, clear words that are timed at a pace suitable to the patient. C The nurse seeks to clarify the hurt before intervening further. D Flexibility means the message is based on the immediate situation and not preconceived expectations. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 178 25. When a co-worker tells the nurse, "I am not sure I will be able to give the right answers in the job interview," the nurse replies, "I know what you mean. Interviews have always been a problem for me, too." This response can be evaluated as lacking a. appropriateness. b. efficiency. c. feedback. d. flexibility. ANS: A Feedback A Appropriateness relates to whether the reply fits the circumstances and matches the message. The nurse's response related to his own issue does not deal with the co-worker's issue, which should be the focus of the interaction. B Efficiency means using simple, clear words that are timed at a pace suitable to the patient. C Feedback means the nurse seeks to clarify what the patient has said and gain understanding. D Flexibility means the message is based on the immediate situation and not preconceived expectations. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 178 26. A new mother says, "My baby is being kept in the nursery. I'm really worried about him. I'm also worried that the separation will interfere with breastfeeding." The most appropriate response by the nurse is, a. "Well, that's not my territory. You'll have to deal with the nursery staff about breastfeeding." b. "As a nurse on this unit, I can assure you that we will do all we can to help you." c. "I can see you're upset about this, but to be honest with you, I'm a new nurse here, and I'm not sure how I can help you." d. "I can see this is a problem for you. I will go to the nursery and see if I can get some answers for you." ANS: D Feedback A Telling the mother that she will need to deal with the nursery staff does not address the concern of the mother. B Saying that the staff of the hospital will do all they can to help does not address the concern of the mother. C The nurse telling the mother that he is new and does not know how to help does not address the concern of the mother. D The nurse's response fits the circumstances and matches the mother's message of being concerned about the separation and breastfeeding. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 178 27. Using simple, clear words to explain the details of a colonoscopy procedure shows sensitivity to which successful communication criterion? a. Appropriateness b. Efficiency c. Feedback d. Flexibility ANS: B Feedback A Appropriateness relates to whether the reply fits the circumstances and matches the message. B Efficiency means using simple, clear words that are timed at a pace suitable to the patient. C Feedback means the nurse seeks to clarify what the patient has said and gain understanding. D Flexibility means the message is based on the immediate situation and not preconceived expectations. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 179 28. A 4-year-old child is going to have an abdominal x-ray examination. The child asks, "Why do they have to do this? Will it hurt?" Which of the following is the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. "The doctor needs you to have the x-ray so she knows what is wrong with you." b. "You will go to the x-ray department so they can take pictures of your tummy to find out why you have a tummy ache. The bed you lie on may be cool, but you will have a blanket to keep you warm. The test will not hurt." c. "You will go downstairs on a stretcher. You will need to lie very still on a hard table while the x-ray machine goes over you. It will not take very long." d. "X-rays do not hurt. The machine takes a picture but will not touch you." ANS: B Feedback A Telling the child that he will need an x-ray to determine what is wrong with him does not provide a clear explanation that addresses the child's concerns. B The nurse's response explains the procedure in clear and simple words that are suitable to a 4-year-old child. C Explaining the x-ray procedure in terms that may not be easy to understand for a 4-year-old does not provide a clear explanation that addresses the child's concerns. D Telling the child that x-rays do not hurt and that they take pictures does not provide a clear explanation that addresses the child's concerns. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 179 29. Which of the following examples illustrates the nurse's failure to use flexibility effectively in professional communication? a. Asking on the admission assessment, "You don't smoke, do you?" b. When updating a family member on a patient's condition stating, "Your wife's ABG report indicates significant hypoxia." c. Continuing to follow the agenda in a staff meeting when people are obviously upset by a recent death on the unit d. Requiring nurses to read back phone orders to physicians ANS: C Feedback A "You don't smoke, do you?" is an example of value judgment. B This is an example of poor communication, because the message is not geared to the receiver's level of understanding. C Continuing to follow an established agenda when the emotional state of the group needs to be addressed indicates inflexibility on the part of the leader. D Requiring nurses to read back phone orders to physicians is an example of feedback. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 179 30. The nurse plans to teach a patient about the care of her mastectomy site. The nurse finds the patient crying. The best response by the nurse is, a. "It is time to discuss how to care for the surgical site." b. "You seem upset. You should start looking forward to going home and being a wife and mother again." c. "I see you are upset. Is there something on your mind you'd like to talk about?" d. "Dr. Abrams said you can go home tomorrow, and we need to talk about the care of your surgical site." ANS: C Feedback A This statement follows the established agenda and does not respond to the emotional state of the patient. B This statement follows the established agenda and does not respond to the emotional state of the patient. C The nurse's response demonstrates flexibility. The response identifies the emotional state of the patient and requires deviation from the established agenda. D This statement follows the established agenda and does not respond to the emotional state of the patient. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 179 31. The patient says to the nurse, "The staff treats me like I'm a child. Everyone tells me what to do. No one ever asks my opinion. After all, it is my body." Which response by the nurse indicates active listening? a. "Well, you're sick. Don't you think you should let us take care of you?" b. "I don't think I can help you with this. This is a personal matter between you and the rest of the staff." c. "It makes you angry not to be included in your health care decisions. Let's talk about how you can vent your anger appropriately." d. "Let me see if I understand. It bothers you not to be recognized for your abilities to handle your life. I can discuss this with the staff if you wish so that everyone involves you in planning your care." ANS: D Feedback A This statement indicates a lack of interest in what the patient was saying and is paternalistic. B This statement indicates a lack of interest in what the patient was saying and an unwillingness to help the patient. C This statement shows an assumption by the nurse that should be verified. D The nurse's response recognizes the patient's feelings and concerns. The nurse verifies the patient's feelings and suggests an action which gives the patient the desired control. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 175 32. In which of the following examples is the nurse demonstrating empathy for the postoperative mastectomy patient? a. "With today's advanced reconstruction techniques, you'll quickly forget you ever had surgery." b. "You'll be back to your busy routine sooner than you think." c. "This must be a very difficult time for you." d. "I know how you feel; I also had breast cancer." ANS: C Feedback A Saying "With today's advanced reconstruction techniques, you'll quickly forget you ever had surgery" discounts the patient's feelings and is false reassurance. B The nurse is making an assumption that the patient wants to return to a busy routine. This is false reassurance based on a faulty assumption about the patient. C The nurse acknowledges the patient's feelings and uses an open-ended statement to encourage the patient to verbalize further. D The nurse should never assume to know how the patient feels. The focus should be on the patient, not the nurse. The nurse's experience is not germane to the nurse-patient relationship. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 181 33. Which of the following demonstrates giving information versus opinion? a. "Mrs. Khan, let's practice together the breathing techniques you learned in Lamaze classes. That will help us to work together more effectively later when your labor is stronger." b. "You learned breathing techniques in Lamaze classes. I really believe the breathing techniques make labor easier." c. "Mrs. Khan, have you been practicing the breathing techniques you learned? It is very important to practice if you wish to use them effectively in labor." d. "Using breathing techniques in labor is really to your benefit because you feel in control." ANS: A Feedback A Saying "Mrs. Khan, let's practice together the breathing techniques you learned in Lamaze classes. That will help us to work together more effectively later when your labor is stronger" does not offer an opinion. B Saying "You learned breathing techniques in Lamaze classes. I really believe the breathing techniques make labor easier" offers the nurse's opinion regarding the breathing techniques. C Saying "Mrs. Khan, have you been practicing the breathing techniques you learned? It is very important to practice if you wish to use them effectively in labor" offers the nurse's opinion regarding the breathing techniques. D Saying "Using breathing techniques in labor is really to your benefit because you feel in control" offers the nurse's opinion regarding the breathing techniques. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 181 34. How would a nurse's use of the technique of reflection help a person? a. Showing an awareness of the person's feelings b. Causing the person to answer more fully than yes or no c. Showing knowledge the person is not expected to know d. Encouraging the person to think through problems for himself or herself ANS: D Feedback A Reflection may involve the person becoming aware of his or her feelings but does not require the nurse's awareness. B Reflection is not related to the answers provided by the patient. C Reflection is related to the insight the person gains, not information provided to him or her. D Reflection implies respect for the patient and his or her ability to solve his or her problems. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 181 35. Within nurse-patient communication, the use of silence can a. block further therapeutic communication. b. allow the patient to not feel pressured to provide information. c. demonstrate trust. d. provide the nurse with an opportunity to complete the patient's care. ANS: B Feedback A Using silence actually encourages communication because it allows the patient to organize his or her thoughts. B Using silence means allowing periods of quiet thought during the nurse-patient interaction when the patient does not feel pressure to provide conversation. C Using silence does not relate to trust. D Using silence is not a requirement for completing patient care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 182 36. A patient states, "The harder I try to get along with my son, the more I feel he just wants to be left alone," and the nurse responds, "I guess parents have to expect these problems as children get older." The nurse's response is an example of a communication breakdown known as a. failing to see the uniqueness of the individual. b. failing to recognize levels of meaning. c. using value statements d. failing to clarify unclear messages. ANS: A Feedback A The nurse's response has put the patient into a group, parents, and therefore does not respond to the patient as a unique individual. B There is no meaning under the surface content in the patient's remark. C There are no value statements in the nurse's response. D The patient's remark was not unclear. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 184 37. A patient states, "The thing that scares me the most about surgery is the spinal anesthesia. I'm afraid it'll leave me paralyzed," and the nurse responds, "Everything will be fine. The anesthesiologists are very skilled in administering spinal anesthesia." The nurse's response is an example of a communication breakdown known as a. failing to see the uniqueness of the individual. b. failing to recognize levels of meaning. c. using value statements. d. using false assurance. ANS: D Feedback A The nurse does not fail to respond to the patient as a unique individual. B The nurse does not fail to take into account the meaning under the surface content. C The nurse does not use value statements. D The nurse offers false assurance. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 185 38. Collaboration in health care settings involves a. professionals respected for their unique knowledge and abilities. b. professionals educated in a collaborative model of education. c. recognition of individual professional accomplishments. d. a multitiered system hierarchy. ANS: A Feedback A Collaboration implies working jointly with other professionals, all of whom are respected for their unique knowledge and skills in the situation. B Currently most professionals are not educated in a collaborative model of education, although they are expected to work in collaboration. C In collaboration the accomplishments of the total group are recognized, not individuals. D Collaboration implies that everyone on the interdisciplinary team can make valuable contributions. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 190 39. Collaboration among health care professionals most importantly results in a. the development of esprit de corps. b. benefits to the organization alone. c. positive patient outcomes. d. maintenance of employee satisfaction. ANS: C Feedback A Although esprit de corps develops, the ultimate result is for positive patient outcomes. B Collaboration benefits the individuals involved, as well as the organization. C Making the most of collaborative opportunities enhances positive patient outcomes. D Employ