ANAT2111: Introductory Anatomy - Comprehensive Study Notes

The University of New South Wales

ANAT2111

,ANAT2111


Bold (red) Ð Week number and core focus
Italic and bold (red) Ð Learning objective
Italic and underlined (black) Ð Heading
Bold (black) Ð Subheading


Week 1: Introduction to Anatomy, Bones and Joints

Introduction to Anatomy

Branches of anatomy




Anatomical position

In anatomy, we always begin with the anatomical position Ð the frame of
reference. The frame must be:

1. Upright
2. Facing forward
3. Feet directed forward
4. Upper limbs at bodyÕs side with palms facing up

Directional terms

Using the frame of reference, we can then apply our directional terms.

,Planes

1. Sagittal (*mid - or para -) plane
2. Coronal (frontal) plane
3. Transverse (horizontal or axial) plane

*mid-sagittal plane = median plane




Body regions, cavities, organisation and tissues

, Body systems




Axial skeleton

The axial skeleton forms the axis of body. It is
important to:

- Provide posture
- Support and protect vital organs
- Attachment for muscles for movement

The axial skeleton consists of the:

1. Skull
2. Vertebral column (+ sacrum and coccyx)
3. Thoracic cage (ribs + sternum)

The skull

The bones that form the head, with the entire skull
labelled beneath: