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UNIV-eRSITY
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, BEGLA-138: Reading an d Speaking Skills
Assignment JuJy, 2023 & January, 2024 SessJons
(Based on Blocks 1 • 4)
1\1.ax. Marks: 100
Ans wer all questions.
I. Nearly nine years ago. on a warm autumn evening in 1945, I was driving over the
mountains of Southern Japan 10 the c ity of Nagasaki. I thought I was still in open
country when all at once I realized that I was already crossing what had been the city.
The shadows which flickered past me in the dusk were not rocks and trees: they were
crushed buildings: the bare and skewed ribs of factories, and two crumpled gasometers.
The scale of the damage of Nagasaki drained the blood from my bean then. and does so
now when I speak of it. For three miles my road lay through a desen which man bad
made in a second. Now, nine years later, the hydrogen bomb is ready 10 dwarf this scale,
and to tum each mile of destruction into ten miles. And citizens and scientists share at
one another and ask: ' How did we blunder into this nightmare?
I put this first as a question of history, because the history of this is known 10 few
people. The fission of uranium was discovered by two German scientists a year before
the war. Within a few months, it was reponed that Gem1any had forbidden the expon of
uranium from the mines of Czechoslovakia which she had just annexed. Scientists on
the Continent. in England and America. asked themselves whether the secret weapon on
which the Germans were said to be working was an atomic bomb. lf the fission of
uranium could be used explosively (and this already seemed possible in 1939) it might
in theory make an explosion a million limes larger than hitheno. The monopoly of such
an atomic bomb would give Hitler instant victory, and make him master of Europe and
the world. The scientists knew the scale of what they feared very well: they feared first
desolation and then slavery. With heavy beans. they told Alben Einstein what they
knew of atomic fission. Einstein had been a [Pacifist all his life. and be did not easily put
his conscience on one side. But it seemed clear to him that no scientist was free to keep
this knowledge to himself. He felt that no one could decide whether a nation should or
should not use atomic bombs, except the nation itself; the choice mu st be offered 10 the
nation , and made by those whom the nation !has elected to act for it. On August 2. 1939,
a month before Hitler invaded Poland, Einstein wrote to President Roosevelt to tell him
that be thought an atomic bomb might be made, and be feared that the Germans were
trying 10 make one.
This is how it came about that, later in the war, scientists worked together in England, in
Canada and America, to make the atomic bomb. T hey hated war no less than ·the layman
does- no less than the soldier does; they, too, had wrestled with their consciences; and
they had decided that their duty was to let the nation use their skill, just as it uses the
ski ll of the solider or the expert in camouflage. T he atomic scientis ts believed, that they
l\~J ~ !l q~ 'i )k 1Q ,(0 ,J
INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN U~
;VERSITY
mtl:l c5P1 / As sig nm en t
3{~~~
Study Ce nte r Co de 6-, 0
4Sl(hf,q
Pro gra mm e
:::11qict,-1 .ff@ I
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Address -1\f 'Ot \ct nJ f ~ _heu) d'. &i
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Co urs e Code BE-CnLA - 1?, S">
~q Q Jlftwi~ 6<-e q Ll i'"cl Ci " J <; P" (\b no s\< ~
cou rse Title
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Ass ign me nt Code
urm~clftfaf11 12._02. 3
y •ar of Submission
tlitlt1')~ 1-in••lff ;f _
TelephOne / Mo bile No .
•
1g not 1
~ / O •H
I · . re .," '
UNIV-eRSITY
~a n I ~na tUt t .
, BEGLA-138: Reading an d Speaking Skills
Assignment JuJy, 2023 & January, 2024 SessJons
(Based on Blocks 1 • 4)
1\1.ax. Marks: 100
Ans wer all questions.
I. Nearly nine years ago. on a warm autumn evening in 1945, I was driving over the
mountains of Southern Japan 10 the c ity of Nagasaki. I thought I was still in open
country when all at once I realized that I was already crossing what had been the city.
The shadows which flickered past me in the dusk were not rocks and trees: they were
crushed buildings: the bare and skewed ribs of factories, and two crumpled gasometers.
The scale of the damage of Nagasaki drained the blood from my bean then. and does so
now when I speak of it. For three miles my road lay through a desen which man bad
made in a second. Now, nine years later, the hydrogen bomb is ready 10 dwarf this scale,
and to tum each mile of destruction into ten miles. And citizens and scientists share at
one another and ask: ' How did we blunder into this nightmare?
I put this first as a question of history, because the history of this is known 10 few
people. The fission of uranium was discovered by two German scientists a year before
the war. Within a few months, it was reponed that Gem1any had forbidden the expon of
uranium from the mines of Czechoslovakia which she had just annexed. Scientists on
the Continent. in England and America. asked themselves whether the secret weapon on
which the Germans were said to be working was an atomic bomb. lf the fission of
uranium could be used explosively (and this already seemed possible in 1939) it might
in theory make an explosion a million limes larger than hitheno. The monopoly of such
an atomic bomb would give Hitler instant victory, and make him master of Europe and
the world. The scientists knew the scale of what they feared very well: they feared first
desolation and then slavery. With heavy beans. they told Alben Einstein what they
knew of atomic fission. Einstein had been a [Pacifist all his life. and be did not easily put
his conscience on one side. But it seemed clear to him that no scientist was free to keep
this knowledge to himself. He felt that no one could decide whether a nation should or
should not use atomic bombs, except the nation itself; the choice mu st be offered 10 the
nation , and made by those whom the nation !has elected to act for it. On August 2. 1939,
a month before Hitler invaded Poland, Einstein wrote to President Roosevelt to tell him
that be thought an atomic bomb might be made, and be feared that the Germans were
trying 10 make one.
This is how it came about that, later in the war, scientists worked together in England, in
Canada and America, to make the atomic bomb. T hey hated war no less than ·the layman
does- no less than the soldier does; they, too, had wrestled with their consciences; and
they had decided that their duty was to let the nation use their skill, just as it uses the
ski ll of the solider or the expert in camouflage. T he atomic scientis ts believed, that they
