Microbiology Exam 2
Pathogenicity
the capability to purpose disorder
Virulence
the degree of pathogenicity
Pathogens must gain access to the host (3 ways)
- adhere to the host tissues
- penetrate or stay away from host defenses
- damage the host tissues
Portals of access are
1. Mucous membranes
- respiratory tract
- GI tract
- GU tract
- conjunctiva
2. Skin
three. Parenteral path (deposited without delay into tissues while barriers are penetrated)
*pathogens have a favored portal of energy*
What are the three sorts of mucous membrane?
1. Respiratory tract
2. Gastrointestinal tract
,3. Genitourinary tract
Respiratory tract microorganisms
Mucous membrane
not unusual bloodless, pneumonia, tuberculosis, influenza, and measles
Gastrointestinal tract
mucous membrane
poliomyelitis, hepatitis A, typhoid fever, giardiasis, shigellosis, cholera
Genitourinary tract
mucous membrane
HIV contamination, herpes, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital warts
trachoma
reasons blindness
bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis.
What are the 2 illnesses of the conjunctiva?
Conjunctivitis an trachoma
Parenteral route
due to punctures, cuts, wounds
hepatitis, HIV, tetanus, and gangrene
What is the desired portal of entry for Salmonella typhi, Streptococci, and Bacillus anthrasis?
Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever) - Swallow
Streptococci (Pneumonia) - inhalation
Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) - a couple of
,Id50
infectious dose for fifty% of a sample populace
measures virulence of a microbe
Bacillus anthracis ID50
LD50
deadly dose for 50% of a pattern population
measures efficiency of a toxin
Botulinum toxin LD50 and Shiga toxin LD50 (low)
Adherence (adhesion)
pathogens connect to host tissues in a process called
Adhesins (ligands) on the pathogen bind to receptors on the host cells
Glycocalyx and Fimbriae
Majority of the adhesins on the microorganisms are microorganisms or lipoproteins
Host cellular receptors are sugars
Microorganisms adhesins are
glycoproteins or lipoproteins
Receptors on the host cells are
usually sugars
Streptococcus mutans
- enamel decay
, - attaches to the surface of enamel through glycocalyx
- glycosyltransferase converts glucose into sticky dextran
-Actinomyces adhere to glycocalyx of S. Mutans
glycocalyx
a bacterial capsule this is manufactured from a fuzzy coat of sticky sugars
ex: Streptococcus mutans (tooth decay)
Biofilms
Colonies of micro organism that adhere together and cling to environmental surfaces.
How do capsule organisms penetrate host defenses?
- Glycocalyx around the cell wall impairs phagocytosis
Capsule containing pathogens that impair phagocytosis
Streptococcus pneumoniae - pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae - pneumonia and meningitis
Bacillus anthracis - anthrax
Yersinia pestis - plague
SHBY (shibli)
M protein MOA
inside the cell wall and resists phagocytosis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Opa protein MOA
Cell wall
permits attachment to host cells
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Pathogenicity
the capability to purpose disorder
Virulence
the degree of pathogenicity
Pathogens must gain access to the host (3 ways)
- adhere to the host tissues
- penetrate or stay away from host defenses
- damage the host tissues
Portals of access are
1. Mucous membranes
- respiratory tract
- GI tract
- GU tract
- conjunctiva
2. Skin
three. Parenteral path (deposited without delay into tissues while barriers are penetrated)
*pathogens have a favored portal of energy*
What are the three sorts of mucous membrane?
1. Respiratory tract
2. Gastrointestinal tract
,3. Genitourinary tract
Respiratory tract microorganisms
Mucous membrane
not unusual bloodless, pneumonia, tuberculosis, influenza, and measles
Gastrointestinal tract
mucous membrane
poliomyelitis, hepatitis A, typhoid fever, giardiasis, shigellosis, cholera
Genitourinary tract
mucous membrane
HIV contamination, herpes, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital warts
trachoma
reasons blindness
bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis.
What are the 2 illnesses of the conjunctiva?
Conjunctivitis an trachoma
Parenteral route
due to punctures, cuts, wounds
hepatitis, HIV, tetanus, and gangrene
What is the desired portal of entry for Salmonella typhi, Streptococci, and Bacillus anthrasis?
Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever) - Swallow
Streptococci (Pneumonia) - inhalation
Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) - a couple of
,Id50
infectious dose for fifty% of a sample populace
measures virulence of a microbe
Bacillus anthracis ID50
LD50
deadly dose for 50% of a pattern population
measures efficiency of a toxin
Botulinum toxin LD50 and Shiga toxin LD50 (low)
Adherence (adhesion)
pathogens connect to host tissues in a process called
Adhesins (ligands) on the pathogen bind to receptors on the host cells
Glycocalyx and Fimbriae
Majority of the adhesins on the microorganisms are microorganisms or lipoproteins
Host cellular receptors are sugars
Microorganisms adhesins are
glycoproteins or lipoproteins
Receptors on the host cells are
usually sugars
Streptococcus mutans
- enamel decay
, - attaches to the surface of enamel through glycocalyx
- glycosyltransferase converts glucose into sticky dextran
-Actinomyces adhere to glycocalyx of S. Mutans
glycocalyx
a bacterial capsule this is manufactured from a fuzzy coat of sticky sugars
ex: Streptococcus mutans (tooth decay)
Biofilms
Colonies of micro organism that adhere together and cling to environmental surfaces.
How do capsule organisms penetrate host defenses?
- Glycocalyx around the cell wall impairs phagocytosis
Capsule containing pathogens that impair phagocytosis
Streptococcus pneumoniae - pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae - pneumonia and meningitis
Bacillus anthracis - anthrax
Yersinia pestis - plague
SHBY (shibli)
M protein MOA
inside the cell wall and resists phagocytosis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Opa protein MOA
Cell wall
permits attachment to host cells
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
