NR 566 WEEK 4 MIDTERM EXAM LATEST 2024/2025 100% ACCURATE
EXAM WITH ANSWERS
1. What is the primary mechanism of action of beta-blockers?
Block beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and contractility.
2. Which drug class is commonly used as first-line treatment for hypertension?
Thiazide diuretics.
3. What is the therapeutic use of ACE inhibitors?
Treat hypertension and heart failure by inhibiting conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II.
4. What adverse effect is most commonly associated with ACE inhibitors?
Persistent dry cough.
5. How do calcium channel blockers reduce blood pressure?
Inhibit calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation.
6. What is the antidote for heparin overdose?
Protamine sulfate.
7. Which lab value is most important to monitor in patients taking warfarin?
International Normalized Ratio (INR).
8. What is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics?
Inhibit the Na-K-2Cl symporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle.
9. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly caused by thiazide diuretics?
Hypokalemia.
10. What is the primary indication for the use of digoxin?
Heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
11. What toxicity sign should be monitored in patients on digoxin?
Visual disturbances (e.g., yellow-green halos).
12. Which drug class is contraindicated in pregnancy due to teratogenicity?
ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs).
13. What is the primary action of statins?
Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase to lower LDL cholesterol.
14. Which adverse effect is most concerning with statin therapy?
Rhabdomyolysis.
, 15. What is the mechanism of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
Block the reuptake of serotonin in the brain, increasing serotonin levels.
16. Which drug is commonly used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose?
Flumazenil.
17. What is the primary use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
Reduce gastric acid secretion in GERD and ulcers.
18. What is the mechanism of action of insulin?
Facilitates cellular glucose uptake and utilization.
19. What is the primary adverse effect to monitor with insulin therapy?
Hypoglycemia.
20. Which oral hypoglycemic agent is contraindicated in renal impairment?
Metformin.
21. What is the mechanism of action of sulfonylureas?
Stimulate pancreatic beta cells to release insulin.
22. What class of drugs is used to treat hypothyroidism?
Thyroid hormone replacement (levothyroxine).
23. What is a common side effect of levothyroxine overdose?
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism (e.g., tachycardia, anxiety).
24. What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?
Inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing prostaglandin synthesis.
25. What is a serious adverse effect of NSAIDs?
Gastrointestinal bleeding.
26. Which drug class is first-line for asthma maintenance therapy?
Inhaled corticosteroids.
27. What is the mechanism of action of beta-2 agonists in asthma?
Stimulate beta-2 receptors causing bronchodilation.
28. What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?
N-acetylcysteine (NAC).
29. What is the primary use of benzodiazepines?
Anxiety, sedation, and seizure control.
EXAM WITH ANSWERS
1. What is the primary mechanism of action of beta-blockers?
Block beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and contractility.
2. Which drug class is commonly used as first-line treatment for hypertension?
Thiazide diuretics.
3. What is the therapeutic use of ACE inhibitors?
Treat hypertension and heart failure by inhibiting conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II.
4. What adverse effect is most commonly associated with ACE inhibitors?
Persistent dry cough.
5. How do calcium channel blockers reduce blood pressure?
Inhibit calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation.
6. What is the antidote for heparin overdose?
Protamine sulfate.
7. Which lab value is most important to monitor in patients taking warfarin?
International Normalized Ratio (INR).
8. What is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics?
Inhibit the Na-K-2Cl symporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle.
9. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly caused by thiazide diuretics?
Hypokalemia.
10. What is the primary indication for the use of digoxin?
Heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
11. What toxicity sign should be monitored in patients on digoxin?
Visual disturbances (e.g., yellow-green halos).
12. Which drug class is contraindicated in pregnancy due to teratogenicity?
ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs).
13. What is the primary action of statins?
Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase to lower LDL cholesterol.
14. Which adverse effect is most concerning with statin therapy?
Rhabdomyolysis.
, 15. What is the mechanism of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
Block the reuptake of serotonin in the brain, increasing serotonin levels.
16. Which drug is commonly used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose?
Flumazenil.
17. What is the primary use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
Reduce gastric acid secretion in GERD and ulcers.
18. What is the mechanism of action of insulin?
Facilitates cellular glucose uptake and utilization.
19. What is the primary adverse effect to monitor with insulin therapy?
Hypoglycemia.
20. Which oral hypoglycemic agent is contraindicated in renal impairment?
Metformin.
21. What is the mechanism of action of sulfonylureas?
Stimulate pancreatic beta cells to release insulin.
22. What class of drugs is used to treat hypothyroidism?
Thyroid hormone replacement (levothyroxine).
23. What is a common side effect of levothyroxine overdose?
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism (e.g., tachycardia, anxiety).
24. What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?
Inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing prostaglandin synthesis.
25. What is a serious adverse effect of NSAIDs?
Gastrointestinal bleeding.
26. Which drug class is first-line for asthma maintenance therapy?
Inhaled corticosteroids.
27. What is the mechanism of action of beta-2 agonists in asthma?
Stimulate beta-2 receptors causing bronchodilation.
28. What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?
N-acetylcysteine (NAC).
29. What is the primary use of benzodiazepines?
Anxiety, sedation, and seizure control.
