BSN 266 HESI
Med Surg Exam
(NGN-Style Presentation & Case Scenarios)
Actual Qs & Verified Ans to Pass the Exam
This Hesi test contains:
❖ Next Gen-style presentation of the questions with
expert rationales for a BSN-level Med-Surg exam.
❖ Each question includes Answer Choices, the Correct Answer, and a
detailed Expert Rationale explaining the reasoning process, suitable
for the 2025 HESI Med-Surg exam standard.
,### 1. The client admitted with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) asks
the nurse why her legs hurt when she walks. The nurse responds based
on the knowledge that the main characteristic of PVD is:
Answer Choices:
A. Increased venous return
B. Decreased blood flow
C. Elevated oxygen saturation levels
D. Enhanced capillary permeability
Correct Answer: B. Decreased blood flow
Expert Rationale:
Peripheral vascular disease primarily results from atherosclerosis causing
arterial narrowing, which reduces blood flow to the extremities.
Claudication pain occurs due to ischemia during exercise when oxygen
demand exceeds supply.
---
### 2. The nurse plans care for a client with PVD and a history of heart
failure. The nurse bases the exercise tolerance plan on:
Answer Choices:
A. Increased heart rate during activity
B. Decreased venous return
,C. Decreased blood flow to muscles
D. Increased cardiac output
Correct Answer: C. Decreased blood flow to muscles
Expert Rationale:
Decreased arterial blood flow in PVD limits oxygen delivery to muscles,
causing early fatigue and poor exercise tolerance. Heart failure further
compromises perfusion, requiring careful activity monitoring.
---
### 3. On assessment, the nurse notes bilateral ankle edema in a client
with PVD. This edema is primarily related to:
Answer Choices:
A. Decreased oncotic pressure
B. Increased arterial pressure
C. Increased venous pressure
D. Lymphatic obstruction
Correct Answer: C. Increased venous pressure
Expert Rationale:
, Venous insufficiency associated with PVD leads to venous hypertension,
causing capillary leakage and subsequent ankle edema, commonly bilateral
in nature.
---
### 4. Following femoral-popliteal bypass surgery 6 hours ago, which
pulse assessment best reflects the client’s postoperative circulation
status?
Answer Choices:
A. Femoral pulse
B. Popliteal pulse
C. Posterior tibial pulse
D. Dorsalis pedis pulse
Correct Answer: D. Dorsalis pedis pulse
Expert Rationale:
The dorsalis pedis pulse lies distal to the surgical site, providing the most
accurate indication of graft patency and distal perfusion post-bypass.
---
### 5. Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for
atherosclerosis?
Med Surg Exam
(NGN-Style Presentation & Case Scenarios)
Actual Qs & Verified Ans to Pass the Exam
This Hesi test contains:
❖ Next Gen-style presentation of the questions with
expert rationales for a BSN-level Med-Surg exam.
❖ Each question includes Answer Choices, the Correct Answer, and a
detailed Expert Rationale explaining the reasoning process, suitable
for the 2025 HESI Med-Surg exam standard.
,### 1. The client admitted with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) asks
the nurse why her legs hurt when she walks. The nurse responds based
on the knowledge that the main characteristic of PVD is:
Answer Choices:
A. Increased venous return
B. Decreased blood flow
C. Elevated oxygen saturation levels
D. Enhanced capillary permeability
Correct Answer: B. Decreased blood flow
Expert Rationale:
Peripheral vascular disease primarily results from atherosclerosis causing
arterial narrowing, which reduces blood flow to the extremities.
Claudication pain occurs due to ischemia during exercise when oxygen
demand exceeds supply.
---
### 2. The nurse plans care for a client with PVD and a history of heart
failure. The nurse bases the exercise tolerance plan on:
Answer Choices:
A. Increased heart rate during activity
B. Decreased venous return
,C. Decreased blood flow to muscles
D. Increased cardiac output
Correct Answer: C. Decreased blood flow to muscles
Expert Rationale:
Decreased arterial blood flow in PVD limits oxygen delivery to muscles,
causing early fatigue and poor exercise tolerance. Heart failure further
compromises perfusion, requiring careful activity monitoring.
---
### 3. On assessment, the nurse notes bilateral ankle edema in a client
with PVD. This edema is primarily related to:
Answer Choices:
A. Decreased oncotic pressure
B. Increased arterial pressure
C. Increased venous pressure
D. Lymphatic obstruction
Correct Answer: C. Increased venous pressure
Expert Rationale:
, Venous insufficiency associated with PVD leads to venous hypertension,
causing capillary leakage and subsequent ankle edema, commonly bilateral
in nature.
---
### 4. Following femoral-popliteal bypass surgery 6 hours ago, which
pulse assessment best reflects the client’s postoperative circulation
status?
Answer Choices:
A. Femoral pulse
B. Popliteal pulse
C. Posterior tibial pulse
D. Dorsalis pedis pulse
Correct Answer: D. Dorsalis pedis pulse
Expert Rationale:
The dorsalis pedis pulse lies distal to the surgical site, providing the most
accurate indication of graft patency and distal perfusion post-bypass.
---
### 5. Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for
atherosclerosis?
