BIOL 3444 EXAM 1 (2025) Actual Exam
Questions and Answers A+ Graded
Which .term .is .used .to .refer .to .a .wave's .rate .of .vibration? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-B. .frequency
On .the .figure, .which .letter .represents .a .refracted .ray .of .light? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-C .(BUT .D .on .test)
On .the .electromagnetic .spectrum, .which .type .of .wave .has .the .shortest
.wavelength? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A. .cosmic .ray
Dyes .are .often .used .during .microscopy .to .increase .which .of .the .following? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-A. .contrast
Which .of .the .following .was .the .first .to .use .the .term ."cells"? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-A. .Robert .Hooke
Which .of .the .following .is .the .typical .magnification .of .an .object .viewed .using .a
.10× .ocular .lens .and .a .100× .objective .lens .on .a .brightfield .microscope? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-D. .1000×
Most .modern .microscopes .have .two .eyepieces, .meaning .that .they .are .which .of
.the .following? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A. .binocular
An .annular .stop .is .used .for .which .type .of .microscopy? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
D. .phase .contrast
Which .of .the .following .is .the .specific .name .for .a .stain .that .colors .the
.background .but .not .the .specimen? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-D. .negative .stain
Which .type .of .microscopy .would .work .best .for .viewing .internal .cell .structures?
.- .CORRECT .ANSWER-D. .transmission .electron .microscopy
The .Gram-staining .procedure .is .best .described .as .which .of .the .following? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-B. .differential .staining
When .there .is .a .substantial .difference .in .refractive .index .between .two
.materials, .which .of .the .following .describes .what .will .happen .to .light .passing
.from .one .material .to .the .other? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B. .It .will .undergo .a .large
.amount .of .refraction.
, In .microscopy, .the .focal .length .refers .to .which .of .the .following? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-D. .the .distance .to .the .image .point .(at .which .all .light .entering .a .lens
.is .parallel)
Which .of .the .following .are .pigments .used .in .microscopy .to .absorb .and .reflect
.light? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B. .chromophores
Negative .staining .is .the .standard .approach .used .to .visualize .which
.structure(s)? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A. .capsules
Which .is .a .standard .mordant .used .in .flagella .staining? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-D.
.tannic .acid
Which .of .the .following .pairs .are .common .acid-fast .staining .techniques? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-C. .Ziehl-Neelsen .and .Kinyoun
Which .is .the .primary .stain .used .in .the .Ziehl-Neelsen .technique? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-B. .carbolfuchsin
Which .is .the .correct .order .of .steps .in .Gram .staining? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B.
.crystal .violet .stain, .Gram's .iodine .mordant, .ethanol .decolorization, .safranin
.counterstain
It .is .important .to .fix .bacterial .smears .on .a .slide .for .which .of .the .following
.reasons? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A. .to .attach .them .to .the .slide
Which .of .the .following .is .not .commonly .used .for .chemical .fixation? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-D. .iodine
Which .of .the .following .is .not .involved .in .preparing .a .bacterial .slide .for .Gram
.staining? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-D. .preparing .a .wet .mount
Which .of .the .following .most .specifically .refers .to .stains .with .positively .charged
.chromophores? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-C. .basic .dyes
Which .of .the .following .most .specifically .refers .to .a .stain .that .dyes .a .specimen
.rather .than .the .background? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-D. .positive .stain
Which .of .the .following .describes .the .difference .between .the .Ziehl-Neelsen .and
.Kinyoun .acid-fast .staining .techniques? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-C. .The .Ziehl-
Neelsen .technique .uses .heat .and .the .Kinyoun .technique .does .not
Which .of .the .following .described .the .difference .between .gram-positive .and
.gram-negative .cells .that .causes .them .to .stain .differently .after .Gram .staining? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-D. .Gram-positive .cells .have .thicker .peptidoglycan .layers .in
.their .cell .walls .than .do .gram-negative .cells.
Questions and Answers A+ Graded
Which .term .is .used .to .refer .to .a .wave's .rate .of .vibration? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-B. .frequency
On .the .figure, .which .letter .represents .a .refracted .ray .of .light? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-C .(BUT .D .on .test)
On .the .electromagnetic .spectrum, .which .type .of .wave .has .the .shortest
.wavelength? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A. .cosmic .ray
Dyes .are .often .used .during .microscopy .to .increase .which .of .the .following? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-A. .contrast
Which .of .the .following .was .the .first .to .use .the .term ."cells"? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-A. .Robert .Hooke
Which .of .the .following .is .the .typical .magnification .of .an .object .viewed .using .a
.10× .ocular .lens .and .a .100× .objective .lens .on .a .brightfield .microscope? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-D. .1000×
Most .modern .microscopes .have .two .eyepieces, .meaning .that .they .are .which .of
.the .following? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A. .binocular
An .annular .stop .is .used .for .which .type .of .microscopy? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
D. .phase .contrast
Which .of .the .following .is .the .specific .name .for .a .stain .that .colors .the
.background .but .not .the .specimen? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-D. .negative .stain
Which .type .of .microscopy .would .work .best .for .viewing .internal .cell .structures?
.- .CORRECT .ANSWER-D. .transmission .electron .microscopy
The .Gram-staining .procedure .is .best .described .as .which .of .the .following? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-B. .differential .staining
When .there .is .a .substantial .difference .in .refractive .index .between .two
.materials, .which .of .the .following .describes .what .will .happen .to .light .passing
.from .one .material .to .the .other? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B. .It .will .undergo .a .large
.amount .of .refraction.
, In .microscopy, .the .focal .length .refers .to .which .of .the .following? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-D. .the .distance .to .the .image .point .(at .which .all .light .entering .a .lens
.is .parallel)
Which .of .the .following .are .pigments .used .in .microscopy .to .absorb .and .reflect
.light? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B. .chromophores
Negative .staining .is .the .standard .approach .used .to .visualize .which
.structure(s)? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A. .capsules
Which .is .a .standard .mordant .used .in .flagella .staining? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-D.
.tannic .acid
Which .of .the .following .pairs .are .common .acid-fast .staining .techniques? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-C. .Ziehl-Neelsen .and .Kinyoun
Which .is .the .primary .stain .used .in .the .Ziehl-Neelsen .technique? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-B. .carbolfuchsin
Which .is .the .correct .order .of .steps .in .Gram .staining? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B.
.crystal .violet .stain, .Gram's .iodine .mordant, .ethanol .decolorization, .safranin
.counterstain
It .is .important .to .fix .bacterial .smears .on .a .slide .for .which .of .the .following
.reasons? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A. .to .attach .them .to .the .slide
Which .of .the .following .is .not .commonly .used .for .chemical .fixation? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-D. .iodine
Which .of .the .following .is .not .involved .in .preparing .a .bacterial .slide .for .Gram
.staining? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-D. .preparing .a .wet .mount
Which .of .the .following .most .specifically .refers .to .stains .with .positively .charged
.chromophores? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-C. .basic .dyes
Which .of .the .following .most .specifically .refers .to .a .stain .that .dyes .a .specimen
.rather .than .the .background? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-D. .positive .stain
Which .of .the .following .describes .the .difference .between .the .Ziehl-Neelsen .and
.Kinyoun .acid-fast .staining .techniques? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-C. .The .Ziehl-
Neelsen .technique .uses .heat .and .the .Kinyoun .technique .does .not
Which .of .the .following .described .the .difference .between .gram-positive .and
.gram-negative .cells .that .causes .them .to .stain .differently .after .Gram .staining? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-D. .Gram-positive .cells .have .thicker .peptidoglycan .layers .in
.their .cell .walls .than .do .gram-negative .cells.
