NSG533 / NSG 533 EXAM 1
Advanced Pharmacology - Wilkes
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### 1. What are the current 4 different diagnostic criteria for diabetes in nonpregnant
adults?
Answers:
- Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dL
- Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL at 2 hours
- A1c ≥ 6.5%
- Random glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL AND classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic
crisis (polyuria, polydipsia, or unexplained weight loss)
Rationale:
These criteria are endorsed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and are based on
thresholds where risk of complications rises. Each measure reflects different aspects of glucose
homeostasis. The combination of glucose and symptoms in the random test further increases
diagnostic reliability.
---
### 2. Which of the diagnostic tests are currently recommended to use as screening
tests?
Answers:
A1c, FPG, or the 2-hour 75-gram anhydrous OGTT.
Rationale:
These tests are non-invasive, standardized, and convenient for population screening. They
detect both diabetes and prediabetes in asymptomatic individuals.
---
### 3. Are there specific clinical conditions/comorbidities that would make A1c testing
less accurate (and, therefore, less desirable to use)?
, Answers:
A1c may not be accurate in patients with anemias or hemoglobinopathies.
Plasma blood glucoses (rather than A1c) should be used to diagnose the acute onset of type 1
diabetes in persons with symptoms of hyperglycemia.
Rationale:
A1c reflects glycation of hemoglobin, so any condition affecting red cell turnover (hemolytic
anemia, hemoglobinopathies, recent transfusions) compromises accuracy. Acute hyperglycemia
develops too quickly to be reflected by an A1c.
---
### 4. What are the recommended criteria for testing for prediabetes or diabetes in
asymptomatic adults?
Answers:
- Test all adults beginning at age 45 years, regardless of their weight.
- Testing is also recommended for adults of any age who are overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and
have additional risk factors.
- If results are normal, it is "reasonable" to test again at 3-year intervals and consider more
frequent testing depending on initial results and risk status (per ADA guidance).
Rationale:
Age and BMI are the main risk factors, but earlier testing in high-risk individuals allows earlier
detection and intervention, reducing complications.
---
### 5. What are the recommended criteria for testing for prediabetes or diabetes in
asymptomatic children?
Answers:
- Overweight/obesity (BMI or weight >85th percentile) or weight >120% of ideal for height
Advanced Pharmacology - Wilkes
Actual Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
This Exam contains:
Grade A+ Wilkes
100% Guarantee Pass.
Each Question Includes The Correct Answer
Expert-Verified explanation
1/ 11
,---
### 1. What are the current 4 different diagnostic criteria for diabetes in nonpregnant
adults?
Answers:
- Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dL
- Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL at 2 hours
- A1c ≥ 6.5%
- Random glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL AND classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic
crisis (polyuria, polydipsia, or unexplained weight loss)
Rationale:
These criteria are endorsed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and are based on
thresholds where risk of complications rises. Each measure reflects different aspects of glucose
homeostasis. The combination of glucose and symptoms in the random test further increases
diagnostic reliability.
---
### 2. Which of the diagnostic tests are currently recommended to use as screening
tests?
Answers:
A1c, FPG, or the 2-hour 75-gram anhydrous OGTT.
Rationale:
These tests are non-invasive, standardized, and convenient for population screening. They
detect both diabetes and prediabetes in asymptomatic individuals.
---
### 3. Are there specific clinical conditions/comorbidities that would make A1c testing
less accurate (and, therefore, less desirable to use)?
, Answers:
A1c may not be accurate in patients with anemias or hemoglobinopathies.
Plasma blood glucoses (rather than A1c) should be used to diagnose the acute onset of type 1
diabetes in persons with symptoms of hyperglycemia.
Rationale:
A1c reflects glycation of hemoglobin, so any condition affecting red cell turnover (hemolytic
anemia, hemoglobinopathies, recent transfusions) compromises accuracy. Acute hyperglycemia
develops too quickly to be reflected by an A1c.
---
### 4. What are the recommended criteria for testing for prediabetes or diabetes in
asymptomatic adults?
Answers:
- Test all adults beginning at age 45 years, regardless of their weight.
- Testing is also recommended for adults of any age who are overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and
have additional risk factors.
- If results are normal, it is "reasonable" to test again at 3-year intervals and consider more
frequent testing depending on initial results and risk status (per ADA guidance).
Rationale:
Age and BMI are the main risk factors, but earlier testing in high-risk individuals allows earlier
detection and intervention, reducing complications.
---
### 5. What are the recommended criteria for testing for prediabetes or diabetes in
asymptomatic children?
Answers:
- Overweight/obesity (BMI or weight >85th percentile) or weight >120% of ideal for height
