NSG 530 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 3 2025 complete exam questions
and solution (MULTIPLE CHOICES) (A+
GRADED 100% VERIFIED) LATEST
VERSION
A .patient .is .diagnosed .with .a .kidney .stone .that .is .composed .of .magnesium,
.ammonium, .and .phosphate. .What .type .of .urinary .calculus .is .this?
A) .Calcium
B) .Struvite
C) .Uric .acid
D) .Indinavir .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B) .Struvite
A .patient .has .uncontrolled .or .premature .contractions .of .the .detrusor .muscle.
.Which .condition .is .associated .with .this .medical .problem?
A) .Spinal .cord .injury
B) .Immune .system .dysfunction
C) .Congestive .heart .failure
D) .Renal .carcinoma .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A) .Spinal .cord .injury
Which .statement .regarding .renal .cell .carcinoma .is .correct?
A) .It .is .associated .with .p53.
B) .Symptoms .include .painless .hematuria.
C) .Early .stages .produce .a .large .abdominal .mass.
D) .Granular .cell .tumors .have .better .prognosis. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B)
.Symptoms .include .painless .hematuria.
A .patient .who .reports .abdominal .and .back .pain .has .been .diagnosed .with
.bacteria .in .the .urine. .What .is .the .appropriate .term .for .involvement .of .the .upper
.urinary .tract .that .is .likely .to .cause .such .symptoms?
A) .Cystitis
B) .Pyelonephritis
C) .Urinary .tract .infection
D) .Asymptomatic .bacteriuria .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B) .Pyelonephritis
With .which .bacteria .is .acute .glomerulonephritis .associated?
A) .Escherichia .coli
B) .Staphylococcus
,C) .Group .A .Streptococcus
D) .Klebsiella .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-C) .Group .A .Streptococcus
A .diabetic .child .with .4.0 .g .of .protein .in .her .urine .each .day .is .experiencing
.edema .and .vitamin .D .deficiency. .Which .is .the .most .likely .diagnosis?
A) .Nephritic .syndrome
B) .Nephrotic .syndrome
C) .Acute .renal .failure
D) .Rapidly .progressive .glomerulonephritis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Nephrotic
.syndrome
A .2-month-old .male .patient .presents .with .the .urethral .opening .on .the .dorsal
.surface .of .the .penis. .Which .term .is .the .correct .name .for .this .anomaly?
A) .Hypospadias
B) .Epispadias
C) .Exstrophy
D) .Ureteropelvic .junction .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Epispadias
A .patient .presents .with .wide-set .eyes, ."parrot .beak" .nose, .low-set .ears, .and
.receding .chin. .What .is .the .renal .manifestation .associated .with .this
.presentation?
A) .Potter .syndrome
B) .Polycystic .kidney .disease
C) .Infundibular .stenosis
D) .Megacalycosis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Potter .syndrome
A .6-year-old .has .just .recovered .from .streptococcal .pharyngitis. .Which
.statement .regarding .this .child's .acute .poststreptococcal .glomerulonephritis .is
.true?
A) .Antibody-antigen .complexes .of .IgM, .IgG, .and .IgA .are .deposited.
B) .The .exact .mechanism .of .immune .complexes .is .unknown.
C) .There .is .decreased .vascular .permeability.
D) .No .signs .of .inflammation .are .present. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .exact
.mechanism .of .immune .complexes .is .unknown.
A .patient .presents .with .skin .lesions .as .well .as .hematuria, .proteinuria, .and
.abdominal .pain. .Which .is .the .most .likely .cause .of .these .symptoms?
A) .Henoch-Schonlein .purpura
B) .Hemolytic .uremic .syndrome
C) .Primary .nephrotic .syndrome
D) .Minimal .change .nephropathy .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Henoch-Schonlein
.purpura
What .is .the .cause .of .minimal .change .nephropathy?
A) .Fusion .of .the .glomerular .foot .processes
B) .Verotoxin .of .E. .coli
C) .IgA .deposition
D) .Inflammation .of .the .glomeruli .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Fusion .of .the .glomerular
.foot .processes
,A .child .whose .kidneys .are .enlarged .presents .with .chills, .fever, .and .abdominal
.pain. .The .most .likely .diagnosis .is:
A) .acute .pyelonephritis.
B) .vesicoureteral .reflux.
C) .urinary .tract .infection.
D) .enuresis. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-acute .pyelonephritis
What .are .the .major .causes .of .bladder .outlet .obstruction?
A) .Urethral .valves .and .polyps
B) .Kidney .stones .and .Wilms' .tumor
C) .Kidney .stones .and .warts
D) .Urethral .valves .and .warts .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Urethral .valves .and .polyps
Which .conditions .are .complications .of .a .horseshoe .kidney? .(select .all .that
.apply)
A) .Hydronephrosis
B) .Hypospadias
C) .Infection
D) .Stone .formation .
E) .Enuresis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Hydronephrosis
Infection
Stone .formation
The .development .of .which .characteristic .is .the .first .sign .of .puberty .in .females?
A) .Menarche
B) .Pubic .hair
C) .Thelarche
D) .Dysmenorrhea .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Thelarche
Which .term .describes .painful .menstruation .associated .with .the .release .of
.prostaglandins .in .ovulatory .cycles?
A) .Primary .dysmenorrhea
B) .Primary .amenorrhea
C) .Secondary .dysmenorrhea
D) .Secondary .amenorrhea .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Primary .dysmenorrhea
Which .condition .must .be .ruled .out .when .identifying .the .cause .of .secondary
.amenorrhea?
A) .Abnormal .thyroid .function
B) .Irregular .prolactin .production
C) .Pituitary .gland .dysfunction
D) .Unknown .pregnancy .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Unknown .pregnancy
A .24-year-old .female .presents .with .severe .abdominal .pain .and .fever .that .is
.believed .to .be .a .result .of .pelvic .inflammatory .disease .(PID) .stemming .from .a
.Chlamydia .trachomatis .infection. .Which .question .will .most .likely .identify .the
.cause .of .her .symptoms?
A) ."Is .your .abdominal .pain .affected .by .walking?"
, B) ."Have .you .been .experiencing .nausea .and .vomiting .as .well?"
C) ."Is .constipation .a .problem .for .you?"
D) ."Would .you .describe .your .pain .as .being .stabbing?" .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Is
.your .abdominal .pain .affected .by .walking?
A .patient .presents .with .an .inflammation .of .one .of .the .ducts .that .lead .from .the
.introitus. .What .is .the .appropriate .term .for .this .condition?
A) .Vaginitis
B) .Cervicitis
C) .Bartholinitis
D) .Vulvovestibulitis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Bartholinitis
A .patient .has .been .diagnosed .with .a .moderately .large .cystocele. .What
.information .would .the .nurse .include .in .the .client's .teaching .plan?
A) .Isometric .exercises .will .help .strengthen .the .pubococcygeal .muscles.
B) .The .symptoms .will .increase .during .menstruation.
C) .The .condition .causes .urinary .stress .incontinence.
D) .This .condition .contributes .to .chronic .constipation. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Isometric .exercises .will .help .strengthen .the .pubococcygeal .muscles.
Which .female .is .at .greatest .risk .for .developing .a .benign .ovarian .cyst?
A) .A .26-year-old .with .regular .menstrual .cycle
B) .A .48-year-old .diagnosed .as .premenopausal
C) .A .13-year-old .experiencing .delayed .puberty
D) .A .70-year-old .diagnosed .with .a .cystocele .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .48-year-
old .diagnosed .as .premenopausal
Polycystic .ovary .syndrome .(PCOS) .is .characterized .with .the .presence .of:
A) .amenorrhea.
B) .hypotension.
C) .low .cholesterol .level.
D) .hypoandrogenism. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-amenorrhea
Which .statement .is .TRUE .regarding .breast .cancer?
A) .The .older .the .age .at .a .woman's .first .childbirth, .the .lower .the .risk.
B) .It .is .the .second .most .common .cause .of .cancer .in .women.
C) .The .incidence .has .been .declining .since .1955.
D) .Hispanic .women .have .the .highest .mortality .rate. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Hispanic .women .have .the .highest .mortality .rate
Which .is .the .most .important .difference .between .proliferative .and
.nonproliferative .breast .tissue .changes?
A) .Genetic .aberrations .are .more .common .in .nonproliferative .lesions.
B) .Cancer .prognosis .is .better .for .nonproliferative .breast .tissue .changes.
C) .Nonproliferative .breast .lesions .do .not .increase .the .risk .of .breast .cancer.
D) .Cancer .resulting .from .nonproliferative .breast .lesions .has .a .higher .cure .rate.
.- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Nonproliferative .breast .lesions .do .not .increase .the .risk
.of .breast .cancer
Exam 3 2025 complete exam questions
and solution (MULTIPLE CHOICES) (A+
GRADED 100% VERIFIED) LATEST
VERSION
A .patient .is .diagnosed .with .a .kidney .stone .that .is .composed .of .magnesium,
.ammonium, .and .phosphate. .What .type .of .urinary .calculus .is .this?
A) .Calcium
B) .Struvite
C) .Uric .acid
D) .Indinavir .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B) .Struvite
A .patient .has .uncontrolled .or .premature .contractions .of .the .detrusor .muscle.
.Which .condition .is .associated .with .this .medical .problem?
A) .Spinal .cord .injury
B) .Immune .system .dysfunction
C) .Congestive .heart .failure
D) .Renal .carcinoma .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A) .Spinal .cord .injury
Which .statement .regarding .renal .cell .carcinoma .is .correct?
A) .It .is .associated .with .p53.
B) .Symptoms .include .painless .hematuria.
C) .Early .stages .produce .a .large .abdominal .mass.
D) .Granular .cell .tumors .have .better .prognosis. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B)
.Symptoms .include .painless .hematuria.
A .patient .who .reports .abdominal .and .back .pain .has .been .diagnosed .with
.bacteria .in .the .urine. .What .is .the .appropriate .term .for .involvement .of .the .upper
.urinary .tract .that .is .likely .to .cause .such .symptoms?
A) .Cystitis
B) .Pyelonephritis
C) .Urinary .tract .infection
D) .Asymptomatic .bacteriuria .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-B) .Pyelonephritis
With .which .bacteria .is .acute .glomerulonephritis .associated?
A) .Escherichia .coli
B) .Staphylococcus
,C) .Group .A .Streptococcus
D) .Klebsiella .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-C) .Group .A .Streptococcus
A .diabetic .child .with .4.0 .g .of .protein .in .her .urine .each .day .is .experiencing
.edema .and .vitamin .D .deficiency. .Which .is .the .most .likely .diagnosis?
A) .Nephritic .syndrome
B) .Nephrotic .syndrome
C) .Acute .renal .failure
D) .Rapidly .progressive .glomerulonephritis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Nephrotic
.syndrome
A .2-month-old .male .patient .presents .with .the .urethral .opening .on .the .dorsal
.surface .of .the .penis. .Which .term .is .the .correct .name .for .this .anomaly?
A) .Hypospadias
B) .Epispadias
C) .Exstrophy
D) .Ureteropelvic .junction .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Epispadias
A .patient .presents .with .wide-set .eyes, ."parrot .beak" .nose, .low-set .ears, .and
.receding .chin. .What .is .the .renal .manifestation .associated .with .this
.presentation?
A) .Potter .syndrome
B) .Polycystic .kidney .disease
C) .Infundibular .stenosis
D) .Megacalycosis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Potter .syndrome
A .6-year-old .has .just .recovered .from .streptococcal .pharyngitis. .Which
.statement .regarding .this .child's .acute .poststreptococcal .glomerulonephritis .is
.true?
A) .Antibody-antigen .complexes .of .IgM, .IgG, .and .IgA .are .deposited.
B) .The .exact .mechanism .of .immune .complexes .is .unknown.
C) .There .is .decreased .vascular .permeability.
D) .No .signs .of .inflammation .are .present. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .exact
.mechanism .of .immune .complexes .is .unknown.
A .patient .presents .with .skin .lesions .as .well .as .hematuria, .proteinuria, .and
.abdominal .pain. .Which .is .the .most .likely .cause .of .these .symptoms?
A) .Henoch-Schonlein .purpura
B) .Hemolytic .uremic .syndrome
C) .Primary .nephrotic .syndrome
D) .Minimal .change .nephropathy .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Henoch-Schonlein
.purpura
What .is .the .cause .of .minimal .change .nephropathy?
A) .Fusion .of .the .glomerular .foot .processes
B) .Verotoxin .of .E. .coli
C) .IgA .deposition
D) .Inflammation .of .the .glomeruli .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Fusion .of .the .glomerular
.foot .processes
,A .child .whose .kidneys .are .enlarged .presents .with .chills, .fever, .and .abdominal
.pain. .The .most .likely .diagnosis .is:
A) .acute .pyelonephritis.
B) .vesicoureteral .reflux.
C) .urinary .tract .infection.
D) .enuresis. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-acute .pyelonephritis
What .are .the .major .causes .of .bladder .outlet .obstruction?
A) .Urethral .valves .and .polyps
B) .Kidney .stones .and .Wilms' .tumor
C) .Kidney .stones .and .warts
D) .Urethral .valves .and .warts .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Urethral .valves .and .polyps
Which .conditions .are .complications .of .a .horseshoe .kidney? .(select .all .that
.apply)
A) .Hydronephrosis
B) .Hypospadias
C) .Infection
D) .Stone .formation .
E) .Enuresis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Hydronephrosis
Infection
Stone .formation
The .development .of .which .characteristic .is .the .first .sign .of .puberty .in .females?
A) .Menarche
B) .Pubic .hair
C) .Thelarche
D) .Dysmenorrhea .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Thelarche
Which .term .describes .painful .menstruation .associated .with .the .release .of
.prostaglandins .in .ovulatory .cycles?
A) .Primary .dysmenorrhea
B) .Primary .amenorrhea
C) .Secondary .dysmenorrhea
D) .Secondary .amenorrhea .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Primary .dysmenorrhea
Which .condition .must .be .ruled .out .when .identifying .the .cause .of .secondary
.amenorrhea?
A) .Abnormal .thyroid .function
B) .Irregular .prolactin .production
C) .Pituitary .gland .dysfunction
D) .Unknown .pregnancy .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Unknown .pregnancy
A .24-year-old .female .presents .with .severe .abdominal .pain .and .fever .that .is
.believed .to .be .a .result .of .pelvic .inflammatory .disease .(PID) .stemming .from .a
.Chlamydia .trachomatis .infection. .Which .question .will .most .likely .identify .the
.cause .of .her .symptoms?
A) ."Is .your .abdominal .pain .affected .by .walking?"
, B) ."Have .you .been .experiencing .nausea .and .vomiting .as .well?"
C) ."Is .constipation .a .problem .for .you?"
D) ."Would .you .describe .your .pain .as .being .stabbing?" .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Is
.your .abdominal .pain .affected .by .walking?
A .patient .presents .with .an .inflammation .of .one .of .the .ducts .that .lead .from .the
.introitus. .What .is .the .appropriate .term .for .this .condition?
A) .Vaginitis
B) .Cervicitis
C) .Bartholinitis
D) .Vulvovestibulitis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Bartholinitis
A .patient .has .been .diagnosed .with .a .moderately .large .cystocele. .What
.information .would .the .nurse .include .in .the .client's .teaching .plan?
A) .Isometric .exercises .will .help .strengthen .the .pubococcygeal .muscles.
B) .The .symptoms .will .increase .during .menstruation.
C) .The .condition .causes .urinary .stress .incontinence.
D) .This .condition .contributes .to .chronic .constipation. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Isometric .exercises .will .help .strengthen .the .pubococcygeal .muscles.
Which .female .is .at .greatest .risk .for .developing .a .benign .ovarian .cyst?
A) .A .26-year-old .with .regular .menstrual .cycle
B) .A .48-year-old .diagnosed .as .premenopausal
C) .A .13-year-old .experiencing .delayed .puberty
D) .A .70-year-old .diagnosed .with .a .cystocele .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .48-year-
old .diagnosed .as .premenopausal
Polycystic .ovary .syndrome .(PCOS) .is .characterized .with .the .presence .of:
A) .amenorrhea.
B) .hypotension.
C) .low .cholesterol .level.
D) .hypoandrogenism. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-amenorrhea
Which .statement .is .TRUE .regarding .breast .cancer?
A) .The .older .the .age .at .a .woman's .first .childbirth, .the .lower .the .risk.
B) .It .is .the .second .most .common .cause .of .cancer .in .women.
C) .The .incidence .has .been .declining .since .1955.
D) .Hispanic .women .have .the .highest .mortality .rate. .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Hispanic .women .have .the .highest .mortality .rate
Which .is .the .most .important .difference .between .proliferative .and
.nonproliferative .breast .tissue .changes?
A) .Genetic .aberrations .are .more .common .in .nonproliferative .lesions.
B) .Cancer .prognosis .is .better .for .nonproliferative .breast .tissue .changes.
C) .Nonproliferative .breast .lesions .do .not .increase .the .risk .of .breast .cancer.
D) .Cancer .resulting .from .nonproliferative .breast .lesions .has .a .higher .cure .rate.
.- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Nonproliferative .breast .lesions .do .not .increase .the .risk
.of .breast .cancer
