Kidney Transplant – A+ Graded End
Term Exam | Clinical Questions &
Detailed Answers
Rejection of a transplant occurs when a recipient's immune system detects the donor's
_____________ as foreign and may mount an immune response to it. - ✔✔MHC
The the type of rejection we worry about most is ______________. - ✔✔hyperacute rejection
A hyperacute rejection occurs when a recipient has pre-formed anti-HLA antibodies from a
_____________, a blood transfusion, or in ________________. - ✔✔previous transplant;
pregnancy
________________ rejection can immediately destroy the kidney. - ✔✔Hyperacute
A ____________ occurs immediately after transplant. - ✔✔hyperacute rejection
An ______________ rejection occurs typically between several days and weeks following
transplantation. - ✔✔Acute
Blood typing is important for transplantation. _____________ blood group is the universal
donor and ______________ blood group is the universal recipient. - ✔✔O; AB
Tissue typing is used in transplantation selection to determine ____________ for the donor
and the recipient. One thing this will tell us is the presence of antibodies, which can cause
______________ rejection. - ✔✔MHC (HLA); hyperacute
Crossmatching is designed to detect preformed _______________ in the recipient against
donor HLA antigens to avoid hyperacute rejection. - ✔✔antibodies
, Panel Reactive Bodies (PRA) is a rating system for amount of matching between a recipient
and 100 donors and is scaled 0-100. A PRA of _____________ would indicate a normal PRA
and that the recipient is reactive to none of the 100 donors. - ✔✔zero
_____________ always accompanies kidney transplantation. - ✔✔Immunosuppression
The demand for kidney transplants is much ______________ than the supply. This leaves
many patients waiting on ____________. - ✔✔greater; dialysis
Transplantation offers ______________ survival, ________________ cost-effectiveness, and
better _____________ than dialysis. - ✔✔better; increased; quality of life
5 year survival in __________ donor transplant > ____________ donor transplant >
_____________ dialysis > ________________ dialysis. - ✔✔living; deceased; peritoneal;
hemodialysis
It must be taken into account when comparing 5-year survival of transplantation v. dialysis
that the kidney transplant recipients have undergone a ____________ process, thus they are
more healthy. - ✔✔selection
When accounting for selection process, transplantation has ____________ risk of death than
dialysis in the short term and ____________ risk of death than dialysis in the long term. -
✔✔more; less
The short term risk in transplantation is due to ___________ risk. - ✔✔surgical
The most common post-op complication causing death in kidney transplantation is
____________. - ✔✔myocardial infarction
Things that move a patient higher on the transplant waitlist include expected ____________,
and low _____________ mortality risk. Contraindications for transplantation include severe
____________ or ___________ disease, active malignancies, severe _______________, or
medication ______________. - ✔✔lifespan; peri-operative; CAD; pulmonary; malnutrition;
non-adherence
Term Exam | Clinical Questions &
Detailed Answers
Rejection of a transplant occurs when a recipient's immune system detects the donor's
_____________ as foreign and may mount an immune response to it. - ✔✔MHC
The the type of rejection we worry about most is ______________. - ✔✔hyperacute rejection
A hyperacute rejection occurs when a recipient has pre-formed anti-HLA antibodies from a
_____________, a blood transfusion, or in ________________. - ✔✔previous transplant;
pregnancy
________________ rejection can immediately destroy the kidney. - ✔✔Hyperacute
A ____________ occurs immediately after transplant. - ✔✔hyperacute rejection
An ______________ rejection occurs typically between several days and weeks following
transplantation. - ✔✔Acute
Blood typing is important for transplantation. _____________ blood group is the universal
donor and ______________ blood group is the universal recipient. - ✔✔O; AB
Tissue typing is used in transplantation selection to determine ____________ for the donor
and the recipient. One thing this will tell us is the presence of antibodies, which can cause
______________ rejection. - ✔✔MHC (HLA); hyperacute
Crossmatching is designed to detect preformed _______________ in the recipient against
donor HLA antigens to avoid hyperacute rejection. - ✔✔antibodies
, Panel Reactive Bodies (PRA) is a rating system for amount of matching between a recipient
and 100 donors and is scaled 0-100. A PRA of _____________ would indicate a normal PRA
and that the recipient is reactive to none of the 100 donors. - ✔✔zero
_____________ always accompanies kidney transplantation. - ✔✔Immunosuppression
The demand for kidney transplants is much ______________ than the supply. This leaves
many patients waiting on ____________. - ✔✔greater; dialysis
Transplantation offers ______________ survival, ________________ cost-effectiveness, and
better _____________ than dialysis. - ✔✔better; increased; quality of life
5 year survival in __________ donor transplant > ____________ donor transplant >
_____________ dialysis > ________________ dialysis. - ✔✔living; deceased; peritoneal;
hemodialysis
It must be taken into account when comparing 5-year survival of transplantation v. dialysis
that the kidney transplant recipients have undergone a ____________ process, thus they are
more healthy. - ✔✔selection
When accounting for selection process, transplantation has ____________ risk of death than
dialysis in the short term and ____________ risk of death than dialysis in the long term. -
✔✔more; less
The short term risk in transplantation is due to ___________ risk. - ✔✔surgical
The most common post-op complication causing death in kidney transplantation is
____________. - ✔✔myocardial infarction
Things that move a patient higher on the transplant waitlist include expected ____________,
and low _____________ mortality risk. Contraindications for transplantation include severe
____________ or ___________ disease, active malignancies, severe _______________, or
medication ______________. - ✔✔lifespan; peri-operative; CAD; pulmonary; malnutrition;
non-adherence
