Bio 1P91 Midterm PRACISE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Bio 1P91 Midterm PRACISE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Mitochondria - ANSWER Has 2 membranes, inner membrane in larges by Christie, responsible for cellular respiration, produces the most ATP, rxns occupé on the matrix Smoothie ER - ANSWER No ribosomes on outer surface, synthesizes lipids that become part of cell membranes. Vesicles will go to the cell membrane and become a part of it. Modified proteins do what - ANSWER Are sorted into vesicles that bud off the trans side How are proteins modified - ANSWER Chemically Secretory vesicles - ANSWER Produced by golgi or ER are tiny sacs where sécrétions can be transported endocytic vesicles - ANSWER Membrane bound, fuse with endosmoses to deliver cargo for further sorting Lysosomes - ANSWER Small membrane bound vésicles containing digestive enzymes to break down proteins, lipids, nucleic acid and polysaccharides Endocytisis - ANSWER the movement of materials into the cell from the cytoplasm for replenishing if vesicles and getting rid of stuff phagocytic cells - ANSWER cells that engulf, ingest, and destroy foreign bodies or toxins matrix of mitochondria - ANSWER Contains DNA and ribosomes similar to those of bacteria. Mitochondria synthesizes a small amount of its own protein Microtubules - ANSWER Composed of tubulin protein, alpha and beta tubulin bind non covalently to form helix w polarity. They can change their length as tubulin diners are added or removed and they are added more rapidly at (+ B) end Centrioles - ANSWER Pair of barrel shaped structures in nucleus, composed of microtubules and forms centriome Kenisin - ANSWER Motor protein that move to the plus end (B) Dynein - ANSWER Motor proteins that move to minus end(A) Kenesin and dynein react with - ANSWER Tubulin Myosins react with - ANSWER Microfilaments Intermediate filaments - ANSWER Assembled forms large and carried group of filament proteins ex/ hair Microfilaments - ANSWER Actin proteins, actin subunits assembled into 2 polymers wound around each other, polar, grow and disassemble at + end, found in eukaryotes How to microfilaments play a role in mobility - ANSWER Muscle contraction, cytoplasmic streaming: transports nutrients, cell mobility, dividing cytoplasm during cell division, growth occurs at growth cone Chloroplasts in plants - ANSWER Site of photosynthesis, inner and outer membrane like mitochondria, storms contains third membrane in thylakoids which contain accessory pigments such as chlorophyll. Storms has DNA and ribosomes, e- transport center Central vacuole - ANSWER Very large vesicle 90% of cell volume, surrounded by membrane w transport proteins, hydrostatic pressure in thonoplast supports plant cell, store organic and waste products Cell wall - ANSWER Outside plasma membrane, provides support, protects against bacteria and fungi, composed of carbs Plasmodia - ANSWER Perforations in cell walk, connect abutting cells, allow ions and sm molecules to move between them w/o need of cel l membrane for transport. Proteins and nucleic acid use plasmodia for energy dependant transport How mare animal cells joined - ANSWER Cell adhésion molecules Cell adhésion molecules - ANSWER Glycoproteins in plasma membrane, can direct cells furring development, bind specific molecules to other cells, maintain body form and structure Extra cellular matrix - ANSWER Suplorts and protects cell providing mechanical linkages 3 types of junctions - ANSWER anchoring junctions, tight junctions, gap junctions Anchoring junctions - ANSWER Button like spots or belts that run entirely around cells, weld cells together, anchored by intermediate filaments that extend to cytoplasm others anchored by mucrofilaments tight junctions - ANSWER Membranes of adjacent cells, fusion of proteins in outer surfaces of plasma membranes, even water can't go thru ex// connects stomach and intestinal cells Gap junctions - ANSWER From channels that allow ions and small mol to pass thru. Formed by channel proteins, found between tissues of vertebrates but not of cells of different tissues, help coordinate contraction ex/heart and uterus Extra cellular matrix - ANSWER Surrounds animal cells, mad of proteins and polysaccharides, mostly glycoproteins, gives protection and support, forms skin bone and tendons Forms of energy - ANSWER chemical, electrical, mechanical,