Bio 101 NVCC Exam 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED 100% CORRECT

Bio 101 NVCC Exam 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED 100% CORRECT What are the endproducts of glycolysis? - ANSWER is 2 ATP plus 2 NADH per glucose molecule What are the products of citric acid cycle? - ANSWER 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 What are the stages of cellular respiration? write a flow chart. - ANSWER Glycolysis Aerobic respiration The Krebs Cycle The electron transport chain Which molecules act as electron carriers and bring the electrons to electron transport chain? - ANSWER What is the difference between fermentation and cellular respiration? - ANSWER Cellular Respiration- produces massive amounts of ATP, Needs oxygen, thought to be evolved after fermentaiton, final electron acceptor is oxygen Fermentation- Produces little ATP, No oxygen, came first, final electron acceptor is pyurvate What are the two types of fermentation? What are the products of fermentation? - ANSWER alcohol fermentation- pyruvate is converted to ethanol lactic acid fermentation- pyruvate is reduced by NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 Products: alcohol, carbon dioxide and lactic acid What are lipids and proteins broken down into? - ANSWER glucose and amino acids What is the difference between heterotrophs and autotrophs? Give example of each. - ANSWER Heterotrophs obtain their organic material from other organisms Autotrophs are the producers of the biosphere, producing organic molecules from CO2 and other inorganic molecules What is the function of mesophyll, stomata (stoma) and guard cells? - ANSWER Mesophyll- the interior tissue of the leaf where chloroplasts are found Stomata-CO2 enters and O2 exits the leaf through microscopic pores Guard Cells-They help to regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata What are the two stages of photosynthesis? What is produced in these stages? - ANSWER 1) light dependent reactions (the photo part) -glucose (sugar), oxygen and water. Light independent reactions or Calvin cycle -Sugar What are the similarities and differences between mitochondria and chloroplasts? - ANSWER Similarities- Both produce energy, have an inner and outer membrane, Differences- Mitochondria are found in animal cells and Chloroplasts are in plant Where do photosystems located? What is it consist of? - ANSWER A photosystem consists of a reaction-center complex (a type of protein complex) surrounded by light-harvesting complexes Located in the thylakoid What is the difference between citric acid cycle and Calvin Benson cycle? - ANSWER The Calvin cycle is anabolic Which sugar is made at the end of the Calvin cycle? How many carbon dioxide molecules it takes? - ANSWER For net synthesis of one G3P, the cycle must take place three times, fixing three molecules of CO2 What are the three steps in Calvin cycle? - ANSWER carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration What is the important adaptation of C4 plants? - ANSWER C4 plants have an enzyme in the mesophyll cells which has a high affinity for CO2 and incorporate CO2 into a four-carbon compound Which wavelength of light is absorbed by the chlorophyll and which are reflected? - ANSWER Absorbed-red and blue Reflected- green and yellow What does chromatin contain? - ANSWER DNA What are the two different types of cells and how do they reproduce (cell division)? - ANSWER Eukaryotic cell Mitosis(the division of the genetic material in the nucleus) Cytokinesis- the division of the cytoplasm Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) -reproduce by a type of cell division called binary fission