GEO 101 - The Dynamic Earth Actual
study set with Questions and
correct/verified Answers
Geology - ANSWER-the study of the earth (this includes but is not limited to, the study of rocks,
sediments, rivers, oceans, the atmosphere, plants, animals, and how they interact with one another
today and in the past.
What is Science? - ANSWER-Science is the human effort to understand the natural world and how it
works by observing physical evidence.
Scientific Method - ANSWER-Recognizing the problem
Observation and Measurement (experimentation)
Development of hypothesis (educated guesses)
Test Hypothesis
Verify the accuracy with more tests
The hypothesis becomes a theory.
Earth's Interior - ANSWER-Crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core (liquid), inner core
Kola (Kola Peninsula, Russia) Superdeep Borehole - ANSWER-7.6 miles deep (12.2 km)
Earth's center - ANSWER-6371 km
Xenolith - ANSWER-A deep rock fragment which becomes enveloped in a rising magma.
Meteorite - ANSWER-Provide a guide to the original building blocks of Earth
Moho - ANSWER-boundary between crust and mantle
How do we know the core is liquid? - ANSWER-Earthquakes tell us about the Earth's interior. S-waves
travel through the mantle of the earth only, as they can only travel through solids.
Lithosphere - ANSWER-(crust and upper mantle) is divided into rigid plates of various sizes that move.
Plate Tectonics and Volcanoes - ANSWER-most volcanoes occur at plate boundaries due to interaction of
plates with one another
Three Rock Types - ANSWER-igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
Igneous rock examples - ANSWER-Basalt and granite
Sedimentary rock examples - ANSWER-limestone and conglomerate
Metamorphic rock examples - ANSWER-gneiss, quartzite
Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) - ANSWER-German meteorologist, Arctic climate scientist, well known by
fellow researches of climate and the Earth. Wegener made 4 initial observations. his work, combined
with that of other scientists, has developed into what is now known as the Theory of Plate Tectonics
(Theory of Continental Drift). "The fit of the continents, paleoclimate data, the distribution of fossils,
matching geologic (rock) units.
The fit of the continents (Alfred Wegener) - ANSWER-The continents appear to fit together like puzzle
pieces. He concluded that the continents must have once been a single landmass (Pangea (Greek for "all
land" or "entire earth")
study set with Questions and
correct/verified Answers
Geology - ANSWER-the study of the earth (this includes but is not limited to, the study of rocks,
sediments, rivers, oceans, the atmosphere, plants, animals, and how they interact with one another
today and in the past.
What is Science? - ANSWER-Science is the human effort to understand the natural world and how it
works by observing physical evidence.
Scientific Method - ANSWER-Recognizing the problem
Observation and Measurement (experimentation)
Development of hypothesis (educated guesses)
Test Hypothesis
Verify the accuracy with more tests
The hypothesis becomes a theory.
Earth's Interior - ANSWER-Crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core (liquid), inner core
Kola (Kola Peninsula, Russia) Superdeep Borehole - ANSWER-7.6 miles deep (12.2 km)
Earth's center - ANSWER-6371 km
Xenolith - ANSWER-A deep rock fragment which becomes enveloped in a rising magma.
Meteorite - ANSWER-Provide a guide to the original building blocks of Earth
Moho - ANSWER-boundary between crust and mantle
How do we know the core is liquid? - ANSWER-Earthquakes tell us about the Earth's interior. S-waves
travel through the mantle of the earth only, as they can only travel through solids.
Lithosphere - ANSWER-(crust and upper mantle) is divided into rigid plates of various sizes that move.
Plate Tectonics and Volcanoes - ANSWER-most volcanoes occur at plate boundaries due to interaction of
plates with one another
Three Rock Types - ANSWER-igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
Igneous rock examples - ANSWER-Basalt and granite
Sedimentary rock examples - ANSWER-limestone and conglomerate
Metamorphic rock examples - ANSWER-gneiss, quartzite
Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) - ANSWER-German meteorologist, Arctic climate scientist, well known by
fellow researches of climate and the Earth. Wegener made 4 initial observations. his work, combined
with that of other scientists, has developed into what is now known as the Theory of Plate Tectonics
(Theory of Continental Drift). "The fit of the continents, paleoclimate data, the distribution of fossils,
matching geologic (rock) units.
The fit of the continents (Alfred Wegener) - ANSWER-The continents appear to fit together like puzzle
pieces. He concluded that the continents must have once been a single landmass (Pangea (Greek for "all
land" or "entire earth")
