1. Which term is used to refer to a wave's rate of vibra- B. frequency
tion?
2. On the �gure, which letter represents a refracted C (BUT D on test)
ray of light?
3. On the electromagnetic spectrum, which type of A. cosmic ray
wave has the shortest wavelength?
4. Dyes are often used during microscopy to increase A. contrast
which of the following?
5. Which of the following was the �rst to use the term A. Robert Hooke
"cells"?
6. Which of the following is the typical magni�cation D. 1000×
of an object viewed using a 10× ocular lens and a
100× objective lens on a bright�eld microscope?
7. Most modern microscopes have two eyepieces, A. binocular
meaning that they are which of the following?
8. An annular stop is used for which type of mi- D. phase contrast
croscopy?
9. Which of the following is the speci�c name for a D. negative stain
stain that colors the background but not the speci-
men?
10. Which type of microscopy would work best for view- D. transmission electron mi-
ing internal cell structures? croscopy
,11. The Gram-staining procedure is best described as B. di�erential staining
which of the following?
12. When there is a substantial di erence in refractive B. It will undergo a large
index between two materials, which of the following amount of refraction.
describes what will happen to light passing from
one material to the other?
13. In microscopy, the focal length refers to which of the D. the distance to the image
following? point (at which all light enter-
ing a lens is parallel)
14. Which of the following are pigments used in mi- B. chromophores
croscopy to absorb and re ect light?
15. Negative staining is the standard approach used to A. capsules
visualize which structure(s)?
16. Which is a standard mordant used in agella stain- D. tannic acid
ing?
17. Which of the following pairs are common acid-fast C. Ziehl-Neelsen and Kinyoun
staining techniques?
18. Which is the primary stain used in the Ziehl-Neelsen B. carbolfuchsin
technique?
19. Which is the correct order of steps in Gram staining? B. crystal violet stain, Gram's
iodine mordant, ethanol de-
colorization, safranin coun-
terstain
20. It is important to �x bacterial smears on a slide for A. to attach them to the slide
which of the following reasons?
, 21. Which of the following is not commonly used for D. iodine
chemical �xation?
22. Which of the following is not involved in preparing D. preparing a wet mount
a bacterial slide for Gram staining?
23. Which of the following most speci�cally refers to C. basic dyes
stains with positively charged chromophores?
24. Which of the following most speci�cally refers to a D. positive stain
stain that dyes a specimen rather than the back-
ground?
25. Which of the following describes the di erence C. The Ziehl-Neelsen tech-
between the Ziehl-Neelsen and Kinyoun acid-fast nique uses heat and the Kiny-
staining techniques? oun technique does not
26. Which of the following described the di erence be- D. Gram-positive cells have
tween gram-positive and gram-negative cells that thicker peptidoglycan layers
causes them to stain di erently after Gram stain- in their cell walls than do
ing? gram-negative cells.
27. Which of the following would not potentially cause A. counterstaining with crystal
a gram-positive cell to appear gram-negative after violet instead of safranin
Gram staining?
28. Which of the following does not cause the probe to D. variations in current
move up and down above the specimen in atomic
force microscopy?
29. Quantum tunneling of electrons is important in the C. STM
mechanism underlying which microscope type?
tion?
2. On the �gure, which letter represents a refracted C (BUT D on test)
ray of light?
3. On the electromagnetic spectrum, which type of A. cosmic ray
wave has the shortest wavelength?
4. Dyes are often used during microscopy to increase A. contrast
which of the following?
5. Which of the following was the �rst to use the term A. Robert Hooke
"cells"?
6. Which of the following is the typical magni�cation D. 1000×
of an object viewed using a 10× ocular lens and a
100× objective lens on a bright�eld microscope?
7. Most modern microscopes have two eyepieces, A. binocular
meaning that they are which of the following?
8. An annular stop is used for which type of mi- D. phase contrast
croscopy?
9. Which of the following is the speci�c name for a D. negative stain
stain that colors the background but not the speci-
men?
10. Which type of microscopy would work best for view- D. transmission electron mi-
ing internal cell structures? croscopy
,11. The Gram-staining procedure is best described as B. di�erential staining
which of the following?
12. When there is a substantial di erence in refractive B. It will undergo a large
index between two materials, which of the following amount of refraction.
describes what will happen to light passing from
one material to the other?
13. In microscopy, the focal length refers to which of the D. the distance to the image
following? point (at which all light enter-
ing a lens is parallel)
14. Which of the following are pigments used in mi- B. chromophores
croscopy to absorb and re ect light?
15. Negative staining is the standard approach used to A. capsules
visualize which structure(s)?
16. Which is a standard mordant used in agella stain- D. tannic acid
ing?
17. Which of the following pairs are common acid-fast C. Ziehl-Neelsen and Kinyoun
staining techniques?
18. Which is the primary stain used in the Ziehl-Neelsen B. carbolfuchsin
technique?
19. Which is the correct order of steps in Gram staining? B. crystal violet stain, Gram's
iodine mordant, ethanol de-
colorization, safranin coun-
terstain
20. It is important to �x bacterial smears on a slide for A. to attach them to the slide
which of the following reasons?
, 21. Which of the following is not commonly used for D. iodine
chemical �xation?
22. Which of the following is not involved in preparing D. preparing a wet mount
a bacterial slide for Gram staining?
23. Which of the following most speci�cally refers to C. basic dyes
stains with positively charged chromophores?
24. Which of the following most speci�cally refers to a D. positive stain
stain that dyes a specimen rather than the back-
ground?
25. Which of the following describes the di erence C. The Ziehl-Neelsen tech-
between the Ziehl-Neelsen and Kinyoun acid-fast nique uses heat and the Kiny-
staining techniques? oun technique does not
26. Which of the following described the di erence be- D. Gram-positive cells have
tween gram-positive and gram-negative cells that thicker peptidoglycan layers
causes them to stain di erently after Gram stain- in their cell walls than do
ing? gram-negative cells.
27. Which of the following would not potentially cause A. counterstaining with crystal
a gram-positive cell to appear gram-negative after violet instead of safranin
Gram staining?
28. Which of the following does not cause the probe to D. variations in current
move up and down above the specimen in atomic
force microscopy?
29. Quantum tunneling of electrons is important in the C. STM
mechanism underlying which microscope type?
