Business Research Techniques
Academic relevance - correct answerhas the problem not already been solved in prior research? And to
which extend is the research relevant for the broader scope
Action research - correct answerresearch to solve an immediate problem or a reflective process of
progressive problem solving led by individuals working with others in teams or as parts of a community
Alternative hypothesis - correct answera statement expressing a relationship between two variables or
indicating differences between groups
Ambiguous questions - correct answervague questions which can be interpreted differently
Applied research - correct answerresearch which aims to solve a current problem faced by a manager in
the work setting, demanding a timely solution
Basic (fundamental, or pure) research - correct answerresearch to generate a body of knowledge by
training to comprehend how certain problems that occur in organizations can be solved
Bias - correct answererrors or inaccuracies in the data collected
Big data - correct answer(there is no clear definition) datasets are extremely large and they may be
analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends and associations, especially relating to human
behavior and interactions
Business research - correct answera systematic and organized effort to investigate a specific problem
encountered in the work setting, which needs a solution
Case studies - correct answera research strategy that involves an empirical investigation of a particular
contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context using multiple methods of data collection
Category scales - correct answerscale which uses multiple times to elicit a single response
,Causal research/study - correct answera deductive research method in which the researcher is
interested in delineating one or more factors that are causing the problem
Classification data - correct answer(also personal information or demographical questions) questions
which elicit such information as age, educational level, marital status, income etc
Cluster sampling - correct answergathered in groups or chunks of elements, that are natural aggregates
of elements in the population
Comparative scale - correct answera benchmark or a point of reference to assess attitudes toward the
current object, event, or situation under study
Concealed observation - correct answerthe members of the group are not told that they are being
observed
Conceptual equivalence - correct answerwhere the meanings of certain words could differ in different
cultures
Concurrent validity - correct answerestablished when the scale discriminates individuals who are known
to be different, that is, they should score differently on the instruments
Confidence - correct answerhow certain we are that our estimates will really hold true for the
population
Consensus scale - correct answera scale which is developed by consensus, a panel of judges selects
certain items, which in its view measure the relevant concept
Construct validity - correct answerhow well the results obtained from the use of the measure fit the
theories around which the test is designed
Content validity - correct answerensure that the measure includes an adequate and representative set
of items that tap the concept
, Controlled observation - correct answerwhen the researcher is never directly involved in the actions of
the actors, but observes them from outside the actors' visual horizon
Convenience sampling - correct answerthe collection of information from members of the population
who are conveniently available to provide it
Convergent validity - correct answerestablished when the scores obtained with two different
instruments measuring the same concept are highly correlated
Coverage error - correct answersampling frame is not representative for your population
Criterion-related validity - correct answerestablished when the measure differentiates individuals on a
criterion it is expected to predict
Cronbach's alpha - correct answermeasures to what extent a set of items are inter-related. = the sum of
covariance's / sum of variances and covariance's
Cross validation - correct answertest if a model that worked in the past, also works in the future by
pretending that some data of the past is really in the future
Cross-sectional (one-shot) studies - correct answera study of which the data are gathered just once,
perhaps over a period of days or weeks or months, in order to answer a research question
Deductive reasoning - correct answerstarting with a general theory and then apply this theory to a
specific case. TESTING
Dependent variable - correct answer(also called the criterion, Y) the variable of primary interest to the
researcher
Descriptive observation - correct answerwhen the researcher is open to everything that is going on, data
are collected that describe the setting. One of the tree consecutive processes in observation stated by
Werner and Schoepfle
Academic relevance - correct answerhas the problem not already been solved in prior research? And to
which extend is the research relevant for the broader scope
Action research - correct answerresearch to solve an immediate problem or a reflective process of
progressive problem solving led by individuals working with others in teams or as parts of a community
Alternative hypothesis - correct answera statement expressing a relationship between two variables or
indicating differences between groups
Ambiguous questions - correct answervague questions which can be interpreted differently
Applied research - correct answerresearch which aims to solve a current problem faced by a manager in
the work setting, demanding a timely solution
Basic (fundamental, or pure) research - correct answerresearch to generate a body of knowledge by
training to comprehend how certain problems that occur in organizations can be solved
Bias - correct answererrors or inaccuracies in the data collected
Big data - correct answer(there is no clear definition) datasets are extremely large and they may be
analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends and associations, especially relating to human
behavior and interactions
Business research - correct answera systematic and organized effort to investigate a specific problem
encountered in the work setting, which needs a solution
Case studies - correct answera research strategy that involves an empirical investigation of a particular
contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context using multiple methods of data collection
Category scales - correct answerscale which uses multiple times to elicit a single response
,Causal research/study - correct answera deductive research method in which the researcher is
interested in delineating one or more factors that are causing the problem
Classification data - correct answer(also personal information or demographical questions) questions
which elicit such information as age, educational level, marital status, income etc
Cluster sampling - correct answergathered in groups or chunks of elements, that are natural aggregates
of elements in the population
Comparative scale - correct answera benchmark or a point of reference to assess attitudes toward the
current object, event, or situation under study
Concealed observation - correct answerthe members of the group are not told that they are being
observed
Conceptual equivalence - correct answerwhere the meanings of certain words could differ in different
cultures
Concurrent validity - correct answerestablished when the scale discriminates individuals who are known
to be different, that is, they should score differently on the instruments
Confidence - correct answerhow certain we are that our estimates will really hold true for the
population
Consensus scale - correct answera scale which is developed by consensus, a panel of judges selects
certain items, which in its view measure the relevant concept
Construct validity - correct answerhow well the results obtained from the use of the measure fit the
theories around which the test is designed
Content validity - correct answerensure that the measure includes an adequate and representative set
of items that tap the concept
, Controlled observation - correct answerwhen the researcher is never directly involved in the actions of
the actors, but observes them from outside the actors' visual horizon
Convenience sampling - correct answerthe collection of information from members of the population
who are conveniently available to provide it
Convergent validity - correct answerestablished when the scores obtained with two different
instruments measuring the same concept are highly correlated
Coverage error - correct answersampling frame is not representative for your population
Criterion-related validity - correct answerestablished when the measure differentiates individuals on a
criterion it is expected to predict
Cronbach's alpha - correct answermeasures to what extent a set of items are inter-related. = the sum of
covariance's / sum of variances and covariance's
Cross validation - correct answertest if a model that worked in the past, also works in the future by
pretending that some data of the past is really in the future
Cross-sectional (one-shot) studies - correct answera study of which the data are gathered just once,
perhaps over a period of days or weeks or months, in order to answer a research question
Deductive reasoning - correct answerstarting with a general theory and then apply this theory to a
specific case. TESTING
Dependent variable - correct answer(also called the criterion, Y) the variable of primary interest to the
researcher
Descriptive observation - correct answerwhen the researcher is open to everything that is going on, data
are collected that describe the setting. One of the tree consecutive processes in observation stated by
Werner and Schoepfle
