NURS 115 Final Exam Actual study set
with Questions and correct/verified
Answers
A disorder originating from the target is classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary - ANSWER-Primary
This hormone is responsible for stimulating the secretion of thyroid hormones? - ANSWER-TSH
This type of blood flow is characterized by reduced frictional forces and layering of blood components in
the center of the bloodstream? - ANSWER-Laminar
This compartment makes up the largest percentage of body fluid water? - ANSWER-Intracellular
Serum lab draws reflect electrolyte levels from which fluid compartment? - ANSWER-Intravascular (part
of extracellular, which is also interstitial and transcellular
Which part of the ECG is associated with ventricular repolarization? - ANSWER-T wave
This step of the inflammatory process involves engulfing the invader? - ANSWER-Phagocytosis
What are the steps of the inflammatory process? - ANSWER-Margination, emigration, chemotaxis,
phagocytosis
This type of cell is involved in secreting antibodies once it comes into contact with an invader? -
ANSWER-Plasma B cells
This type of neuron carries information away from the CNS to the organ for a motor response? -
ANSWER-Efferent neuron (SAME- Sensory Afferent Motor Efferent)
This type of pain is associated with a sharp, stinging pain in the superficial layers of the skin? - ANSWER-
Cutaneous pain
What percentage of oxygen consumption do neural cells consume? - ANSWER-20%
This cardiac disorder can cause fluid build-up in the abdominal cavity, lower extremities, and jugular
veins? - ANSWER-Right-sided heart failure
What are the 3 primary hormone categories that the adrenal cortex produces? - ANSWER-
Glucocorticoids (sugar), mineralocorticoids (salt), androgens (sex hormones)
COPD causes the retention of what gas? - ANSWER-CO2- carbon dioxide
This condition will cause rubor when legs are dangling and pallor when legs are elevated? - ANSWER-
Atherosclerotic occlusive disease
This type of acid-base disorder is associated with salicylate toxicity due to its effect on the respiratory
center? - ANSWER-Respiratory alkalosis associated with aspirin overdose look at the whole picture
This electrolyte has a narrow normal range and is associated with cardiac abnormalities if out of range. -
ANSWER-Potassium- look at potassium's relationship with Addison's in relation to low salt, low water,
increased potassium
,This condition is associated with heat intolerance, weight loss, tachycardia, and muscle wasting? -
ANSWER-Hyperthyroidism
What effect will SIADH have on the serum osmolality? - ANSWER-Low serum osmolality
Aldosterone will cause excretion of which electrolyte? - ANSWER-Potassium
Which regulating system is responsible for increasing water and sodium retention when we have low ECF
volume and BP? - ANSWER-RAAS
AIDS is associated with a decrease in what type of cell? - ANSWER-CD4, specifically less than 200
This immunoglobulin is present in mucous membranes and is associated with asthma or
allergic/hypersensitivity reactions? - ANSWER-IgE
What type of injury could affect ventilation due to loss of diaphragm function? - ANSWER-Injury to C3-C5
What is the highest priority nursing intervention for a patient with autonomic dysreflexia? - ANSWER-
Removal of noxious stimulant, sit them up to reduce ICP from HTN
This immunoglobulin is the most abundant? - ANSWER-IgG
Your patient has the following ABGs: pH 7.2, CO2: 36, HCO3: 20, What condition do they have (include
compensation)? - ANSWER-Uncompensated Metabolic Acidosis
For some people, emphysema could be associated with what inherited disorder? - ANSWER-Alpha 1
Anti-trypsin deficiency
This type of fluid could be used to treat cerebral edema? - ANSWER-Hypertonic solution; Manitol
Cushing's disease can result in which acid-base disorder? - ANSWER-Metabolic Alkalosis
How could Cushing's Disease result in metabolic acidosis? - ANSWER-Too much sodium, too much water,
too low potassium (low serum K we will see shift from K inside the cell to K outside the cell, with less
hydrogen inside the vessel because they move into the cell, making it basic)
What does hyperventilation lead to? - ANSWER-metabolic alkalosis, since you are huffing off all of the
CO2
What happens in DKA? - ANSWER-too much acidity in the body, which causes it to panic with Kussmaul
breathing to try to get all of the acid out
What are signs and symptoms of DKA? - ANSWER-polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, lethargy, coma,
dehydration, acidosis, acetone breath, kussmaul's respirations
What are signs and symptoms for respiratory acidosis? - ANSWER-hypoventilation, BP changes,
headache due to no O2 in brain, restlessness, confusion
What do paracrine messengers act on? - ANSWER-cells around the area
What do autocrine messengers act on? - ANSWER-themselves
What are examples of catecholamines? - ANSWER-epinephrine and norepinephrine
, What do endocrine messengers act on? - ANSWER-distant cells; need to travel the bloodstream to reach
them
What is an agonist? - ANSWER-binds with receptor sites to induce a biological event
What is an antagonist? - ANSWER-binds with receptor sites, but blocks the activity of the agonist
What is the target organ of ACTH? What does that target organ produce? - ANSWER-adrenal cortex;
produces glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens
What are primary disorders? - ANSWER-Originate in the target gland responsible for producing the
hormone
What is an example of a primary disorder? - ANSWER-total thyroidectomy
What are secondary disorders? - ANSWER-The target gland is essentially normal, but its function is
altered by defective levels of stimulating hormones
What are tertiary disorders? - ANSWER-Result from hypothalamic dysfunction
What are the main symptoms of Addisons Disease? - ANSWER-Hyperpigmentation,
appetite for salt,
hyponatremia, hyperkalemia,
elevated ACTH levels,
anorexia,
abdominal pain,
and arthralgia
What is secondary adrenal insufficiency? - ANSWER-Decreased pituitary ACTH production
How do you treat an acute adrenal crisis? - ANSWER-salt replacement,
sugar replacement,
steroid replacement,
support of physiologic function,
treat underlying condition
What is Cushing's syndrome? - ANSWER-excessive cortisol production
What are the main symptoms of Cushing's? - ANSWER-moon face, buffalo hump, altered fat metabolism,
increased facial hair, thinning scalp hair, poor wound healing
What is acromegaly? - ANSWER-excessive growth hormones secreting during adulthood after other
organs have stopped growing
What are the main symptoms of acromegaly? - ANSWER-acromegalic facies, cardiomegaly, barrel chest,
goiter
with Questions and correct/verified
Answers
A disorder originating from the target is classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary - ANSWER-Primary
This hormone is responsible for stimulating the secretion of thyroid hormones? - ANSWER-TSH
This type of blood flow is characterized by reduced frictional forces and layering of blood components in
the center of the bloodstream? - ANSWER-Laminar
This compartment makes up the largest percentage of body fluid water? - ANSWER-Intracellular
Serum lab draws reflect electrolyte levels from which fluid compartment? - ANSWER-Intravascular (part
of extracellular, which is also interstitial and transcellular
Which part of the ECG is associated with ventricular repolarization? - ANSWER-T wave
This step of the inflammatory process involves engulfing the invader? - ANSWER-Phagocytosis
What are the steps of the inflammatory process? - ANSWER-Margination, emigration, chemotaxis,
phagocytosis
This type of cell is involved in secreting antibodies once it comes into contact with an invader? -
ANSWER-Plasma B cells
This type of neuron carries information away from the CNS to the organ for a motor response? -
ANSWER-Efferent neuron (SAME- Sensory Afferent Motor Efferent)
This type of pain is associated with a sharp, stinging pain in the superficial layers of the skin? - ANSWER-
Cutaneous pain
What percentage of oxygen consumption do neural cells consume? - ANSWER-20%
This cardiac disorder can cause fluid build-up in the abdominal cavity, lower extremities, and jugular
veins? - ANSWER-Right-sided heart failure
What are the 3 primary hormone categories that the adrenal cortex produces? - ANSWER-
Glucocorticoids (sugar), mineralocorticoids (salt), androgens (sex hormones)
COPD causes the retention of what gas? - ANSWER-CO2- carbon dioxide
This condition will cause rubor when legs are dangling and pallor when legs are elevated? - ANSWER-
Atherosclerotic occlusive disease
This type of acid-base disorder is associated with salicylate toxicity due to its effect on the respiratory
center? - ANSWER-Respiratory alkalosis associated with aspirin overdose look at the whole picture
This electrolyte has a narrow normal range and is associated with cardiac abnormalities if out of range. -
ANSWER-Potassium- look at potassium's relationship with Addison's in relation to low salt, low water,
increased potassium
,This condition is associated with heat intolerance, weight loss, tachycardia, and muscle wasting? -
ANSWER-Hyperthyroidism
What effect will SIADH have on the serum osmolality? - ANSWER-Low serum osmolality
Aldosterone will cause excretion of which electrolyte? - ANSWER-Potassium
Which regulating system is responsible for increasing water and sodium retention when we have low ECF
volume and BP? - ANSWER-RAAS
AIDS is associated with a decrease in what type of cell? - ANSWER-CD4, specifically less than 200
This immunoglobulin is present in mucous membranes and is associated with asthma or
allergic/hypersensitivity reactions? - ANSWER-IgE
What type of injury could affect ventilation due to loss of diaphragm function? - ANSWER-Injury to C3-C5
What is the highest priority nursing intervention for a patient with autonomic dysreflexia? - ANSWER-
Removal of noxious stimulant, sit them up to reduce ICP from HTN
This immunoglobulin is the most abundant? - ANSWER-IgG
Your patient has the following ABGs: pH 7.2, CO2: 36, HCO3: 20, What condition do they have (include
compensation)? - ANSWER-Uncompensated Metabolic Acidosis
For some people, emphysema could be associated with what inherited disorder? - ANSWER-Alpha 1
Anti-trypsin deficiency
This type of fluid could be used to treat cerebral edema? - ANSWER-Hypertonic solution; Manitol
Cushing's disease can result in which acid-base disorder? - ANSWER-Metabolic Alkalosis
How could Cushing's Disease result in metabolic acidosis? - ANSWER-Too much sodium, too much water,
too low potassium (low serum K we will see shift from K inside the cell to K outside the cell, with less
hydrogen inside the vessel because they move into the cell, making it basic)
What does hyperventilation lead to? - ANSWER-metabolic alkalosis, since you are huffing off all of the
CO2
What happens in DKA? - ANSWER-too much acidity in the body, which causes it to panic with Kussmaul
breathing to try to get all of the acid out
What are signs and symptoms of DKA? - ANSWER-polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, lethargy, coma,
dehydration, acidosis, acetone breath, kussmaul's respirations
What are signs and symptoms for respiratory acidosis? - ANSWER-hypoventilation, BP changes,
headache due to no O2 in brain, restlessness, confusion
What do paracrine messengers act on? - ANSWER-cells around the area
What do autocrine messengers act on? - ANSWER-themselves
What are examples of catecholamines? - ANSWER-epinephrine and norepinephrine
, What do endocrine messengers act on? - ANSWER-distant cells; need to travel the bloodstream to reach
them
What is an agonist? - ANSWER-binds with receptor sites to induce a biological event
What is an antagonist? - ANSWER-binds with receptor sites, but blocks the activity of the agonist
What is the target organ of ACTH? What does that target organ produce? - ANSWER-adrenal cortex;
produces glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens
What are primary disorders? - ANSWER-Originate in the target gland responsible for producing the
hormone
What is an example of a primary disorder? - ANSWER-total thyroidectomy
What are secondary disorders? - ANSWER-The target gland is essentially normal, but its function is
altered by defective levels of stimulating hormones
What are tertiary disorders? - ANSWER-Result from hypothalamic dysfunction
What are the main symptoms of Addisons Disease? - ANSWER-Hyperpigmentation,
appetite for salt,
hyponatremia, hyperkalemia,
elevated ACTH levels,
anorexia,
abdominal pain,
and arthralgia
What is secondary adrenal insufficiency? - ANSWER-Decreased pituitary ACTH production
How do you treat an acute adrenal crisis? - ANSWER-salt replacement,
sugar replacement,
steroid replacement,
support of physiologic function,
treat underlying condition
What is Cushing's syndrome? - ANSWER-excessive cortisol production
What are the main symptoms of Cushing's? - ANSWER-moon face, buffalo hump, altered fat metabolism,
increased facial hair, thinning scalp hair, poor wound healing
What is acromegaly? - ANSWER-excessive growth hormones secreting during adulthood after other
organs have stopped growing
What are the main symptoms of acromegaly? - ANSWER-acromegalic facies, cardiomegaly, barrel chest,
goiter
