RNSG 1301 Pharmacology Final Exam Study Guide
-decrease inflammatory response in the
airway by decreasing the effectiveness of
inflammatory cells
Describe the mechanism of action of cor- -decreased swelling
ticosteroids on the airway? (P.975) -promotion of bets-adrenergic receptor
activity which may promote smooth mus-
cle relaxation and inhibit bronchocon-
striction.
Cautions:
-Lesion/erosion in mucous membrane
(could cause systemic absorption)
What are the cautions and contraindi- -Condition exacerbated by sympathet-
cations for decongestants such as ic activity (glaucoma, hypertension, di-
oxymetazoline? (P. 943) abetes, thyroid disease, coronary dis-
ease, prostate problems
-Pregnancy/breast feeding (Not enough
data)
-Antihistamines: drugs that block release
of histamine, a inflammatory chemical
that increases secretions and narrows
airways.
-Decongestants: Drugs that decrease
Compare and contrast mucolytics, de-
blood flow to upper respiratory tract and
congestants, expectorants, and antihist-
decrease overproduction of secretions.
amines. (Ch. 54, P. 940)
-Expectorants: Drugs that increase pro-
ductive cough to clear airways.
-Mucolytics: Drugs that increase or lique-
fy respiratory secretions to aid in clearing
of airways.
-Xanthine (LRT) (Ch. 55)
-Metabolism in liver
List drug -food interactions of theo-
-Many Drugs interact
phylline
-Cigarettes incr. metabolism (incr. dose)
-If Pt. stops smoking, toxicity can occur
What disease processes should adren-
Heart failure (adrenergic drugs cause
ergic bronchodilators be used cautious-
cardiac stimulation)
ly?
, RNSG 1301 Pharmacology Final Exam Study Guide
What drug class is a first line treatment Epinephrine (EpiPen) (Sympathomimen-
in acute asthma? tics)
Most common with inhaled: Sore throat,
hoarseness, coughing, dry mouth, pha-
ryngeal and laryngeal fungal infections.
List adverse effects of corticosteroids.
Adverse effects associated with the use
of inhaled steroids include irritability,
headache, rebound congestion, local in-
fection, and epistaxis.
- Stimulate Beta2-adrenergic receptors -
sympathetic activity
What is the mechanism of action for a -increase rate and depth of breathing
Beta2-adrenergic agonist?
- Promote bronchodilation/relieve bron-
chospasm
A diuretic would be best used on an
African American man. Less respon-
sive to ACE inhibitors, ARBs, renin
inhibitors, and beta-blockers. Calcium
channel blockers and alpha-adrengergic
blocks should follow.
What is the initial drug therapy for newly
diagnosed hypertension?
Nonblack patients, including diabetis,
Consider cultural considerations.
should start with thiazide or thiazide-like
diuretic, calcium-channel blocker, ACE
inhibiot, or ARB.
Patients w/ chronic kidney dz: ACE in-
hibitor or ARB.
-Calcium-Channel Blocker
-Cardiovascular adverse effects of dil-
tiazem include bradycardia, peripheral
Identify adverse effects of diltiazem
edema, and hypotension.
(Cardizem).
-Skin flushing and rash may occur.
-CNS: dizziness, lightheadedness,
headache, fatigue.
-decrease inflammatory response in the
airway by decreasing the effectiveness of
inflammatory cells
Describe the mechanism of action of cor- -decreased swelling
ticosteroids on the airway? (P.975) -promotion of bets-adrenergic receptor
activity which may promote smooth mus-
cle relaxation and inhibit bronchocon-
striction.
Cautions:
-Lesion/erosion in mucous membrane
(could cause systemic absorption)
What are the cautions and contraindi- -Condition exacerbated by sympathet-
cations for decongestants such as ic activity (glaucoma, hypertension, di-
oxymetazoline? (P. 943) abetes, thyroid disease, coronary dis-
ease, prostate problems
-Pregnancy/breast feeding (Not enough
data)
-Antihistamines: drugs that block release
of histamine, a inflammatory chemical
that increases secretions and narrows
airways.
-Decongestants: Drugs that decrease
Compare and contrast mucolytics, de-
blood flow to upper respiratory tract and
congestants, expectorants, and antihist-
decrease overproduction of secretions.
amines. (Ch. 54, P. 940)
-Expectorants: Drugs that increase pro-
ductive cough to clear airways.
-Mucolytics: Drugs that increase or lique-
fy respiratory secretions to aid in clearing
of airways.
-Xanthine (LRT) (Ch. 55)
-Metabolism in liver
List drug -food interactions of theo-
-Many Drugs interact
phylline
-Cigarettes incr. metabolism (incr. dose)
-If Pt. stops smoking, toxicity can occur
What disease processes should adren-
Heart failure (adrenergic drugs cause
ergic bronchodilators be used cautious-
cardiac stimulation)
ly?
, RNSG 1301 Pharmacology Final Exam Study Guide
What drug class is a first line treatment Epinephrine (EpiPen) (Sympathomimen-
in acute asthma? tics)
Most common with inhaled: Sore throat,
hoarseness, coughing, dry mouth, pha-
ryngeal and laryngeal fungal infections.
List adverse effects of corticosteroids.
Adverse effects associated with the use
of inhaled steroids include irritability,
headache, rebound congestion, local in-
fection, and epistaxis.
- Stimulate Beta2-adrenergic receptors -
sympathetic activity
What is the mechanism of action for a -increase rate and depth of breathing
Beta2-adrenergic agonist?
- Promote bronchodilation/relieve bron-
chospasm
A diuretic would be best used on an
African American man. Less respon-
sive to ACE inhibitors, ARBs, renin
inhibitors, and beta-blockers. Calcium
channel blockers and alpha-adrengergic
blocks should follow.
What is the initial drug therapy for newly
diagnosed hypertension?
Nonblack patients, including diabetis,
Consider cultural considerations.
should start with thiazide or thiazide-like
diuretic, calcium-channel blocker, ACE
inhibiot, or ARB.
Patients w/ chronic kidney dz: ACE in-
hibitor or ARB.
-Calcium-Channel Blocker
-Cardiovascular adverse effects of dil-
tiazem include bradycardia, peripheral
Identify adverse effects of diltiazem
edema, and hypotension.
(Cardizem).
-Skin flushing and rash may occur.
-CNS: dizziness, lightheadedness,
headache, fatigue.
