A. DEPRESSION (UNIPOLAR )
PERSISTENT LOW MOOD
LACK OF ENERGY
FEELINGS OF WORTHLESSNESS OR GUILT
LOSS OF INTEREST/PLEASURE IN ACTIVITIES
CHANGES IN SLEEP AND APPETITE
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS
FEATURES OF DEPRESSION
1 IN 15 SUFFER FROM SEVERE DEPRESSION EVERY YEAR
TWICE AS MANY FEMALES ARE AFFECTED THAN MALES
AFFECTS WOMEN LONGER THAN MEN
ICD-10 C LASSIFICATION OF DEPRESSION SEVERITY
ICD-10 REQUIRES AT LEAST ONE MAIN SYMPTOM TO BE PRESENT FOR MOST OF THE TIME
ON MOST DAYS FOR ATLEAST 2 WEEKS
MAIN SYMPTOMS: LOWERING OF MOOD
L ACK OF ENERGY
L ACK OF MOTIVATION
🔹 MILD DEPRESSION
TOTAL: 4 SYMPTOMS
PATIENT MIGHT FIND SYMPTOMS UPSETTING BUT CAN GO ALONG WITH DAY TO DAY
ACTIVITIES
🔸 MODERATE DEPRESSION
TOTAL: 5–6 SYMPTOMS
HAVE SERIOUS PROBLEMS DOING DAY TO DAY ACTIVITIES
SEVERE DEPRESSION
TOTAL: 7 OR MORE SYMPTOMS
MAY HAVE SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND ENGAGE IN SELF- HARM TO COPE WITH FEELINGS
, B. ADDICTION
SYMPTOMS
STRONG DESIRE OR SENSE OF COMPULSION TO TAKE A SUBSTANCE OR PERFORM A
BEHAVIOUR
DIFFICULTY CONTROLLING BEHAVIOUR
WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS
INCREASED TOLERANCE
NEGLECT OF OTHER ACTIVITIES
CONTINUED USE DESPITE HARM
FEATURES
6% OF THE WORLD HAVE PROBLEMATIC INTERNET USE
NHS ESTIMATED ABOUT 2MILLION PEOPLE IN THE UK TO HAVE AN ADDICTION
YOUNG PEOPLE ARE MORE PRONE TO DEVELOP INTERNET ADDICTIONS
CHANGES IN INCIDENCE OVER TIME DEPRESSION
1. INCREASED DIAGNOSIS RATES
O MORE PEOPLE ARE BEING DIAGNOSED WITH DEPRESSION TODAY COMPARED TO
PREVIOUS DECADES.
2. BETTER AWARENESS
O SOCIETY IS MORE INFORMED ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH, LEADING MORE PEOPLE
RECOGNIZING SYMPTOMS AND SEEKING HELP .
3. MODERN LIFE STRESSORS
O INCREASED PRESSURE FROM TECHNOLOGY, SOCIAL MEDIA, WORK , AND
ISOLATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO RISING CASES .
CHANGES IN INCIDENCE OVER TIME ADDICTION
1. OVERALL INCREASE IN BEHAVIORAL ADDICTIONS
O WHILE SUBSTANCE ADDICTION RATES (LIKE ALCOHOL OR SMOKING ) MAY HAVE
STABILISED OR DROPPED IN SOME AREAS , BEHAVIORAL ADDICTIONS (E.G .,
INTERNET , GAMING , GAMBLING ) HAVE INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY .
2. INCREASED ACCESS TO ADDICTIVE ACTIVITIES
O TECHNOLOGY AND THE INTERNET MAKE ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS (E.G., ONLINE
GAMBLING , SOCIAL MEDIA , GAMING) MORE EASILY ACCESSIBLE .
3. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CHANGE
O MORE STRESS, LONELINESS, AND SOCIAL PRESSURE IN MODERN LIFE CAN LEAD
TO INCREASED SUBSTANCE USE
PERSISTENT LOW MOOD
LACK OF ENERGY
FEELINGS OF WORTHLESSNESS OR GUILT
LOSS OF INTEREST/PLEASURE IN ACTIVITIES
CHANGES IN SLEEP AND APPETITE
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS
FEATURES OF DEPRESSION
1 IN 15 SUFFER FROM SEVERE DEPRESSION EVERY YEAR
TWICE AS MANY FEMALES ARE AFFECTED THAN MALES
AFFECTS WOMEN LONGER THAN MEN
ICD-10 C LASSIFICATION OF DEPRESSION SEVERITY
ICD-10 REQUIRES AT LEAST ONE MAIN SYMPTOM TO BE PRESENT FOR MOST OF THE TIME
ON MOST DAYS FOR ATLEAST 2 WEEKS
MAIN SYMPTOMS: LOWERING OF MOOD
L ACK OF ENERGY
L ACK OF MOTIVATION
🔹 MILD DEPRESSION
TOTAL: 4 SYMPTOMS
PATIENT MIGHT FIND SYMPTOMS UPSETTING BUT CAN GO ALONG WITH DAY TO DAY
ACTIVITIES
🔸 MODERATE DEPRESSION
TOTAL: 5–6 SYMPTOMS
HAVE SERIOUS PROBLEMS DOING DAY TO DAY ACTIVITIES
SEVERE DEPRESSION
TOTAL: 7 OR MORE SYMPTOMS
MAY HAVE SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND ENGAGE IN SELF- HARM TO COPE WITH FEELINGS
, B. ADDICTION
SYMPTOMS
STRONG DESIRE OR SENSE OF COMPULSION TO TAKE A SUBSTANCE OR PERFORM A
BEHAVIOUR
DIFFICULTY CONTROLLING BEHAVIOUR
WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS
INCREASED TOLERANCE
NEGLECT OF OTHER ACTIVITIES
CONTINUED USE DESPITE HARM
FEATURES
6% OF THE WORLD HAVE PROBLEMATIC INTERNET USE
NHS ESTIMATED ABOUT 2MILLION PEOPLE IN THE UK TO HAVE AN ADDICTION
YOUNG PEOPLE ARE MORE PRONE TO DEVELOP INTERNET ADDICTIONS
CHANGES IN INCIDENCE OVER TIME DEPRESSION
1. INCREASED DIAGNOSIS RATES
O MORE PEOPLE ARE BEING DIAGNOSED WITH DEPRESSION TODAY COMPARED TO
PREVIOUS DECADES.
2. BETTER AWARENESS
O SOCIETY IS MORE INFORMED ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH, LEADING MORE PEOPLE
RECOGNIZING SYMPTOMS AND SEEKING HELP .
3. MODERN LIFE STRESSORS
O INCREASED PRESSURE FROM TECHNOLOGY, SOCIAL MEDIA, WORK , AND
ISOLATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO RISING CASES .
CHANGES IN INCIDENCE OVER TIME ADDICTION
1. OVERALL INCREASE IN BEHAVIORAL ADDICTIONS
O WHILE SUBSTANCE ADDICTION RATES (LIKE ALCOHOL OR SMOKING ) MAY HAVE
STABILISED OR DROPPED IN SOME AREAS , BEHAVIORAL ADDICTIONS (E.G .,
INTERNET , GAMING , GAMBLING ) HAVE INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY .
2. INCREASED ACCESS TO ADDICTIVE ACTIVITIES
O TECHNOLOGY AND THE INTERNET MAKE ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS (E.G., ONLINE
GAMBLING , SOCIAL MEDIA , GAMING) MORE EASILY ACCESSIBLE .
3. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CHANGE
O MORE STRESS, LONELINESS, AND SOCIAL PRESSURE IN MODERN LIFE CAN LEAD
TO INCREASED SUBSTANCE USE
