ESTUDYR
NGR 6301 MODULE 1 AND 2 ACTUAL EXAM (TESTING REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS) AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
1. What is the definition of a fever?
A. Body temperature exceeding 37.5°C (99.5°F)
B. Core temperature over 38°C (100.4°F)
C. Skin temperature over 37°C (98.6°F)
D. Axillary temperature above 39°C (102.2°F)
Answer: B. Core temperature over 38°C (100.4°F)
Rationale: Fever is clinically defined as a core body temperature higher than 38°C (100.4°F),
which is measured rectally.
2. What does FWLS stand for?
A. Fever With Localized Symptoms
B. Fever Without Lasting Signs
C. Fever Without Localizing Signs
D. Fever Within Last Symptoms
Answer: C. Fever Without Localizing Signs
Rationale: FWLS refers to a fever in a patient without clinical evidence pointing to a specific
source of infection.
3. What is the term FWS short for?
A. Fever Without Source
B. Fever Without Severity
C. Fever With Symptoms
D. Fever Within Standards
Answer: A. Fever Without Source
Rationale: FWS describes a fever in a patient where no obvious source of infection can be
identified through history or physical examination.
,ESTUDYR
4. Which of the following defines FUO (Fever of Unknown Origin)?
A. A fever lasting more than a week
B. A fever of unknown cause persisting for over 3 weeks
C. A fever with no identified source within 48 hours
D. A fever that recurs intermittently for a month
Answer: B. A fever of unknown cause persisting for over 3 weeks
Rationale: FUO is characterized by a fever lasting more than 3 weeks with no clear source
identified despite appropriate diagnostic evaluation.
5. What is the appropriate management for an infant less than 1 month old with FWS?
A. Observe at home with antipyretics
B. Close outpatient follow-up with antibiotics
C. Hospitalize and treat aggressively
D. Monitor and re-evaluate in 48 hours
Answer: C. Hospitalize and treat aggressively
Rationale: Infants under 1 month old with FWS are at high risk for serious bacterial infections
and require hospitalization and broad-spectrum antibiotics.
6. What is the recommended action for an infant 1–3 months old with a fever and appearing
ill?
A. Observe at home with antipyretics
B. Hospitalize and treat aggressively
C. Perform a single blood culture and discharge
D. Monitor in the emergency department for 12 hours
Answer: B. Hospitalize and treat aggressively
Rationale: Ill-appearing infants in this age group are at risk for severe infections and require
aggressive inpatient treatment.
,ESTUDYR
7. For a child aged 3–36 months with FWS, what is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Bacteremia
B. Pneumonia
C. Acute viral illness
D. Meningitis
Answer: C. Acute viral illness
Rationale: In this age group, most fevers without a source are caused by self-limiting viral
illnesses.
8. Which organisms are more commonly associated with serious bacterial infections in infants
aged 1–3 months compared to older children?
A. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella
B. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Listeria monocytogenes
C. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Haemophilus influenzae
D. Listeria monocytogenes and Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Answer: C. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Haemophilus influenzae
Rationale: In young infants, these pathogens are more likely to cause invasive infections due to
immature immune systems.
9. Which fever management protocol includes WBC, band ratios, and urine gram stains for
low- and high-risk categorization?
A. Rochester
B. Boston
C. Modified Yale Observational Scale
D. Philadelphia
Answer: D. Philadelphia
Rationale: The Philadelphia criteria assess low- and high-risk factors using detailed lab and
clinical parameters for febrile infants aged 29–60 days.
, ESTUDYR
10. What is a key criterion of the Rochester protocol for determining low-risk febrile infants?
A. CSF WBC count of fewer than 8 cells/mm³
B. History of premature birth
C. Absolute band count < 1500 cells/mm³
D. WBC count > 20,000 cells/mm³
Answer: C. Absolute band count < 1500 cells/mm³
Rationale: The Rochester protocol includes band count as part of the risk stratification for
febrile infants under 60 days.
11. According to the Boston criteria, what is the age range it applies to?
A. 0–28 days
B. 30–89 days
C. 28–89 days
D. 60–90 days
Answer: C. 28–89 days
Rationale: The Boston criteria focus on febrile infants aged 28 to 89 days and include strict
clinical and laboratory evaluations to stratify risk.
12. What action is recommended for low-risk infants based on the Boston criteria?
A. Hospitalize and start antibiotics
B. Close monitoring with no further action
C. Home observation with empiric antibiotics
D. Perform additional blood cultures
Answer: C. Home observation with empiric antibiotics
Rationale: The Boston criteria recommend home management with empiric antibiotics for low-
risk infants, ensuring follow-up within 24 hours.
13. What factor is not included in the Modified Yale Observational Scale (YOS) scoring?
A. Quality of cry
B. Response to parents
NGR 6301 MODULE 1 AND 2 ACTUAL EXAM (TESTING REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS) AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
1. What is the definition of a fever?
A. Body temperature exceeding 37.5°C (99.5°F)
B. Core temperature over 38°C (100.4°F)
C. Skin temperature over 37°C (98.6°F)
D. Axillary temperature above 39°C (102.2°F)
Answer: B. Core temperature over 38°C (100.4°F)
Rationale: Fever is clinically defined as a core body temperature higher than 38°C (100.4°F),
which is measured rectally.
2. What does FWLS stand for?
A. Fever With Localized Symptoms
B. Fever Without Lasting Signs
C. Fever Without Localizing Signs
D. Fever Within Last Symptoms
Answer: C. Fever Without Localizing Signs
Rationale: FWLS refers to a fever in a patient without clinical evidence pointing to a specific
source of infection.
3. What is the term FWS short for?
A. Fever Without Source
B. Fever Without Severity
C. Fever With Symptoms
D. Fever Within Standards
Answer: A. Fever Without Source
Rationale: FWS describes a fever in a patient where no obvious source of infection can be
identified through history or physical examination.
,ESTUDYR
4. Which of the following defines FUO (Fever of Unknown Origin)?
A. A fever lasting more than a week
B. A fever of unknown cause persisting for over 3 weeks
C. A fever with no identified source within 48 hours
D. A fever that recurs intermittently for a month
Answer: B. A fever of unknown cause persisting for over 3 weeks
Rationale: FUO is characterized by a fever lasting more than 3 weeks with no clear source
identified despite appropriate diagnostic evaluation.
5. What is the appropriate management for an infant less than 1 month old with FWS?
A. Observe at home with antipyretics
B. Close outpatient follow-up with antibiotics
C. Hospitalize and treat aggressively
D. Monitor and re-evaluate in 48 hours
Answer: C. Hospitalize and treat aggressively
Rationale: Infants under 1 month old with FWS are at high risk for serious bacterial infections
and require hospitalization and broad-spectrum antibiotics.
6. What is the recommended action for an infant 1–3 months old with a fever and appearing
ill?
A. Observe at home with antipyretics
B. Hospitalize and treat aggressively
C. Perform a single blood culture and discharge
D. Monitor in the emergency department for 12 hours
Answer: B. Hospitalize and treat aggressively
Rationale: Ill-appearing infants in this age group are at risk for severe infections and require
aggressive inpatient treatment.
,ESTUDYR
7. For a child aged 3–36 months with FWS, what is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Bacteremia
B. Pneumonia
C. Acute viral illness
D. Meningitis
Answer: C. Acute viral illness
Rationale: In this age group, most fevers without a source are caused by self-limiting viral
illnesses.
8. Which organisms are more commonly associated with serious bacterial infections in infants
aged 1–3 months compared to older children?
A. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella
B. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Listeria monocytogenes
C. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Haemophilus influenzae
D. Listeria monocytogenes and Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Answer: C. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Haemophilus influenzae
Rationale: In young infants, these pathogens are more likely to cause invasive infections due to
immature immune systems.
9. Which fever management protocol includes WBC, band ratios, and urine gram stains for
low- and high-risk categorization?
A. Rochester
B. Boston
C. Modified Yale Observational Scale
D. Philadelphia
Answer: D. Philadelphia
Rationale: The Philadelphia criteria assess low- and high-risk factors using detailed lab and
clinical parameters for febrile infants aged 29–60 days.
, ESTUDYR
10. What is a key criterion of the Rochester protocol for determining low-risk febrile infants?
A. CSF WBC count of fewer than 8 cells/mm³
B. History of premature birth
C. Absolute band count < 1500 cells/mm³
D. WBC count > 20,000 cells/mm³
Answer: C. Absolute band count < 1500 cells/mm³
Rationale: The Rochester protocol includes band count as part of the risk stratification for
febrile infants under 60 days.
11. According to the Boston criteria, what is the age range it applies to?
A. 0–28 days
B. 30–89 days
C. 28–89 days
D. 60–90 days
Answer: C. 28–89 days
Rationale: The Boston criteria focus on febrile infants aged 28 to 89 days and include strict
clinical and laboratory evaluations to stratify risk.
12. What action is recommended for low-risk infants based on the Boston criteria?
A. Hospitalize and start antibiotics
B. Close monitoring with no further action
C. Home observation with empiric antibiotics
D. Perform additional blood cultures
Answer: C. Home observation with empiric antibiotics
Rationale: The Boston criteria recommend home management with empiric antibiotics for low-
risk infants, ensuring follow-up within 24 hours.
13. What factor is not included in the Modified Yale Observational Scale (YOS) scoring?
A. Quality of cry
B. Response to parents
