BIOL 1P91 – Final EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS VERIFIED 100% CORRECT

BIOL 1P91 – Final EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS VERIFIED 100% CORRECT movement from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, does not require energy - ANSWER what is passive transport and does it require energy? movement from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, does require energy (ATP) - ANSWER what is active transport and does it require energy? small, polarity, charge, concentration - ANSWER what are factors that affect the ability of solutes to pass through a bilayer? determinant of how a small molecule can diffuse across a bilayer - ANSWER what is hydrophobicity? concentration is higher on one side than the other - ANSWER what is the transmembrane gradient? the movement of water across a membrane in response to concentration gradients - ANSWER what is osmosis? the cells lose water, known as crenation in animals and plasmolysis in plants - ANSWER describe osmosis in a hypertonic environment cells take up water, known as swelling in animals and expansion in plants - ANSWER describe osmosis in a hypotonic environment internal water pressure in plant cells - ANSWER What is turgor pressure? they expel water from animal cells to prevent bursting - ANSWER what is the purpose of contractile vacuoles? they allow for substances to move across a cell membrane, selectively permeable - ANSWER what is the purpose of transport proteins? are they permeable? channels and transporters - ANSWER what are the two types of transport proteins? small pores that can be opened or closed - ANSWER what are channel transport proteins? proteins that bind to a solute and alter it to be able to cross a membrane - ANSWER what are transporter proteins? uniporters, symporters, and antiporters - ANSWER what are the three categories of transporter proteins? an ion pump that exports sodium, and imports potassium, against both their gradients using ATP - ANSWER what is the Na+/K+ pump? 3 sodium, 2 potassium - ANSWER what is the ratio of sodium exported and potassium imported from one ATP? moves molecules into the cell - ANSWER what is endocytosis? moves molecules out of the cell - ANSWER what is exocytosis? receptor mediated, pinocytosis, phagocytosis - ANSWER what are the three types of endocytosis? series of events leading to cell division - ANSWER what is the cell cycle? microscopically looking at chromosomes - ANSWER what is cytogenetics? G1, S, G2, M (occasionally G0) - ANSWER what are the phases that make up interphase? the first gap, and receives signals telling it to undergo cell division - ANSWER what is G1 and what occurs in this phase? synthesis of DNA, and replication of chromosomes forming a pair of sister chromatids - ANSWER what is S and what occurs in this phase? second gap, and produce more proteins needed for mitosis - ANSWER what is G2 and what occurs in this phase? mitosis and cytokinesis - ANSWER what is M phase? G0 - ANSWER some cells will enter ______ phase in interphase and spend the rest of their lives in this phase minutes, months - ANSWER embryos grow in _______ and adults grow in ________ cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases - ANSWER what two proteins control the cell cycle? they bind and activate cdks - ANSWER what do cyclins do? 23 - ANSWER how many chromosomes does one human set have?