BIOL 1P92 Final Exam Prep Questions With Well
Solutions
Zygotic life cycle - ANSWER - Haploid - dominant - Only
diploid phase Steps:
1. Fertilization
2. Single-celled zygote
3. Meiosis
4. Spores
5. Mitosis
6. Multicellular gametophytes
Sporic life cycle - ANSWER - Diploid-dominant -
Alternation of generation Steps:
1. Fertilization
2. Single celled zygote
3. Mitosis
4. Multi-cellular diploid sporophyte
5. Meiosis
6. Spores (lots)
7. Mitosis
8. Multicellular gametophyte
Effects of plants on CO2 in the atmosphere - ANSWER Plants use
sunlight, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and water for photosynthesis
to produce oxygen and carbohydrates that plants use for energy and
growth. Rising levels of CO2 in the atmosphere increase plant
photosynthesis— an effect known as the carbon fertilization effect.
Pollination - ANSWER Pollen grains are transported to an angiosperm
flower or a gymnosperm cone primarily by means of wind or animal
pollinators.
, Fertilization - ANSWER The union of two gametes, such as an
egg cell with a sperm cell, to form a zygote.
Homospory - ANSWER Lycophytes and pteridophytes that
release one type of spore and one type of gametophyte.
Heterospory - ANSWER Lycophytes and pteridophytes that produces
microspores (male gametophytes) and megaspores (female
gametophytes).
Sporangium - ANSWER Structures that produce and disperse
the spores of plants, fungi, or protists.
Sporopollenin - ANSWER A tough material found in the walls of
plant spores that helps to prevent cellular damage during
transport in air.
How and why are animal classifications modified? - ANSWER
Animal classifications are modified when there are new
discoveries. Modes of nutrition, reproduction, development
Embryonic germ layers and what each becomes - ANSWER
Endoderm: innermost layer, forms lining of gut (digestive tube and
respiratory tube).
Ectoderm: outermost layer, forms external covering and nervous system
(epidermis, hair, nails).
Mesoderm: middle layer, forms muscles of body walls and most other
structures between gut and external covering (digestive tract, heart,
skeleton muscles).
Blastula - ANSWER An animal embryo at the stage where it has
an outer epithelial layer and an inner cavity, forming a hollow
sphere of cells. Hollow.
, Gastrula - ANSWER A stage of an animal embryo that is the result of
gastrulation and has three cellular layers: the ectoderm, endoderm, and
mesoderm.
Zygote -> 8-cell stage -> blastula -> gastrulation -> gastrula
Determinate cleavage - ANSWER In animals, a characteristic of
protostome development in which the fate of each embryonic cell
is determined very early.
Indeterminate cleavage - ANSWER In animals, a characteristic
of deuterostome development in which each cell produced by
early cleavage retains the ability to develop into a complete
embryo.
Protostome - ANSWER An animal whose development exhibits spiral
determinate cleavage and in which the blastopore becomes the mouth;
includes mollusks, annelid worms, and arthropods.
Deuterostome - ANSWER An animal whose development exhibits radial,
indeterminate cleavage and in which the blastopore becomes the anus;
includes echinoderms and vertebrates.
Acoelomate - ANSWER An animal that lacks a fluid-filled body
cavity.
Pseudocoelomate - ANSWER An animal with a pseudocoelom - a fluid-
filled body cavity lying inside the external body wall of the nematode that
bathes the internal organs including the alimentary system and the
reproductive system. Underdeveloped.
Coelomate - ANSWER An animal with a true coelom - fluid-filled
body cavity present between the alimentary canal and the body
wall.
Morphological classification - ANSWER Uses similarity in physical
characteristics (or characters) to establish species boundaries, as well as
relationships between species.
Solutions
Zygotic life cycle - ANSWER - Haploid - dominant - Only
diploid phase Steps:
1. Fertilization
2. Single-celled zygote
3. Meiosis
4. Spores
5. Mitosis
6. Multicellular gametophytes
Sporic life cycle - ANSWER - Diploid-dominant -
Alternation of generation Steps:
1. Fertilization
2. Single celled zygote
3. Mitosis
4. Multi-cellular diploid sporophyte
5. Meiosis
6. Spores (lots)
7. Mitosis
8. Multicellular gametophyte
Effects of plants on CO2 in the atmosphere - ANSWER Plants use
sunlight, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and water for photosynthesis
to produce oxygen and carbohydrates that plants use for energy and
growth. Rising levels of CO2 in the atmosphere increase plant
photosynthesis— an effect known as the carbon fertilization effect.
Pollination - ANSWER Pollen grains are transported to an angiosperm
flower or a gymnosperm cone primarily by means of wind or animal
pollinators.
, Fertilization - ANSWER The union of two gametes, such as an
egg cell with a sperm cell, to form a zygote.
Homospory - ANSWER Lycophytes and pteridophytes that
release one type of spore and one type of gametophyte.
Heterospory - ANSWER Lycophytes and pteridophytes that produces
microspores (male gametophytes) and megaspores (female
gametophytes).
Sporangium - ANSWER Structures that produce and disperse
the spores of plants, fungi, or protists.
Sporopollenin - ANSWER A tough material found in the walls of
plant spores that helps to prevent cellular damage during
transport in air.
How and why are animal classifications modified? - ANSWER
Animal classifications are modified when there are new
discoveries. Modes of nutrition, reproduction, development
Embryonic germ layers and what each becomes - ANSWER
Endoderm: innermost layer, forms lining of gut (digestive tube and
respiratory tube).
Ectoderm: outermost layer, forms external covering and nervous system
(epidermis, hair, nails).
Mesoderm: middle layer, forms muscles of body walls and most other
structures between gut and external covering (digestive tract, heart,
skeleton muscles).
Blastula - ANSWER An animal embryo at the stage where it has
an outer epithelial layer and an inner cavity, forming a hollow
sphere of cells. Hollow.
, Gastrula - ANSWER A stage of an animal embryo that is the result of
gastrulation and has three cellular layers: the ectoderm, endoderm, and
mesoderm.
Zygote -> 8-cell stage -> blastula -> gastrulation -> gastrula
Determinate cleavage - ANSWER In animals, a characteristic of
protostome development in which the fate of each embryonic cell
is determined very early.
Indeterminate cleavage - ANSWER In animals, a characteristic
of deuterostome development in which each cell produced by
early cleavage retains the ability to develop into a complete
embryo.
Protostome - ANSWER An animal whose development exhibits spiral
determinate cleavage and in which the blastopore becomes the mouth;
includes mollusks, annelid worms, and arthropods.
Deuterostome - ANSWER An animal whose development exhibits radial,
indeterminate cleavage and in which the blastopore becomes the anus;
includes echinoderms and vertebrates.
Acoelomate - ANSWER An animal that lacks a fluid-filled body
cavity.
Pseudocoelomate - ANSWER An animal with a pseudocoelom - a fluid-
filled body cavity lying inside the external body wall of the nematode that
bathes the internal organs including the alimentary system and the
reproductive system. Underdeveloped.
Coelomate - ANSWER An animal with a true coelom - fluid-filled
body cavity present between the alimentary canal and the body
wall.
Morphological classification - ANSWER Uses similarity in physical
characteristics (or characters) to establish species boundaries, as well as
relationships between species.
