Bontrager Ch 10 Bony Thorax Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

Bontrager Ch 10 Bony Thorax Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct What forms the costovertebral joint? - ANSWER-The head of the rib and the body of the thoracic vertebra What forms the costotransverse joint? - ANSWER-The tubercle of the rib and the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra Which ribs do not have costotransverse joints? - ANSWER-11th and 12th What is pectus carinatum? - ANSWER-A congenital defect with an anterior protrusion of the lower sternum -pigeon chest / breast What is pectus excavatum? - ANSWER-A congenital defect with an depressed sternum - funnel chest Reason why it is impossible to visualize the sternum with a direct PA or AP projection - ANSWER-The spine would superimpose - requires slight rotation Amount of obliquity (more or less) required for a frontal view of the sternum on a hypersthenic patient - ANSWER-15* (Less obliquity) Amount of obliquitiy (more or less) required for a frontalview of the sternum on an asthenic patient - ANSWER-20* (More obliquity) Amount of rotation to be used for the oblique position of the sternum for a large or deep- chested patient - ANSWER-15° Ideal range for kV exposure factors as they apply to an oblique position of the sternum - ANSWER-Low - 65kVp - 70kVp Ideal range for mA exposure factors as they apply to an oblique position of the sternum - ANSWER-Low Best exposure time for an oblique position of the sternum - ANSWER-High - 3-4 seconds with breathing technique Advantage of performing breathing technique for radiography of the sternum - ANSWER-Blurs lung markings and ribs, which improves the visibility of the sternum Reason for maintaining at least 40" SID during sternum radiography - ANSWER- Increase in patient dose, especially skin dose Other imaging options available to study the sternum if routine RAO and lateral radiographs do not provide sufficient information - ANSWER-CT or Nuclear Medicine Ideal general body position to demonstrate an injury to the ribs found below the diaphragm - ANSWER-Recumbent Ideal breathing instructions to demonstrate an injury to the ribs found below the diaphragm - ANSWER-Suspend on Expiration Ideal kV range for demonstrating an injury to the ribs below the diaphragm - ANSWER- 70kVp-80kVp (medium) Type of radiographic technique required for an injury to the region of the 8th or 9th rib (above or below diaphragm) - ANSWER-Above the diaphragm Rotation of the spine required to properly elongate and visualize the axillary aspect of the ribs with respect to the area of interest - ANSWER-Away from the area of interest Projections which should be performed for an injury to the anterior aspect of the ribs - ANSWER-AP or PA and Anterior or Posterior Oblique Ideal placement of the area of interest with relation to the IR for injuries to the anterior aspect of the ribs - ANSWER-Closest to the IR Two (2) rib projections which should be performed for an injury to the right posterior ribs - ANSWER-AP and RPO (to shift spine away from area of interest) Proper marking for the sites of injury when performing a rib series - ANSWER-Tape a small metallic "BB" over the site of injury Projections to be performed in addition to a routine rib series if either pneumothorax or hemothorax is suspected as a result of a rib fracture - ANSWER-Upright PA and Lateral Chest Definition of a flail chest - ANSWER-Pulmonary injury caused by blunt trauma to two or more ribs What osteolytic metastases of the ribs look like on an x-ray - ANSWER-Irregular bony margins Criteria for the radiographic evaluation of the oblique sternum - ANSWER-Entire sternum should lie over the heart shadow and be adjacent to the spine Location of CR centering for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints - ANSWER- Level of T2-T3 Breathing instructions for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints - ANSWER- Suspend respiration on inspiration Amount of rotation of the thorax recommended for an anterior oblique of the sternoclavicular joints - ANSWER-10°-15° from PA Specific oblique position best demonstrates the left sternoclavicular joint adjacent to the spine - ANSWER-LAO Three (3) points which must be included in a patient's clinical history before a rib series - ANSWER-1.Nature of the trauma or Pt complaint 2.Location of rib pain or injury 3.Whether or not the Pt has been coughing up blood Location of CR centering for an AP projection of the ribs for an injury located above the diaphragm - ANSWER-3-4 inches below the jugular notch at the level of T7 Two (2) specific oblique positions which can be used to elongate the left axillary portion of the ribs - ANSWER-1.RPO 2.LPO - these elongate left axillary ribs and shifts the spine away from the injury site Two (2) basic projections or positions which should be performed for an injury to the right anterior ribs - ANSWER-1.PA 2.LAO - these elongate the right axillary rib region Amount of rotation needed for an oblique projection of the axillary ribs - ANSWER-45° Definition of Pectus Extravatum - ANSWER-Depressed sternum due to congenital defect Term for a proliferative bony lesion of increased radiographic density - ANSWER- Osteoblastic Best radiographic modality to provide a more diagnostic image of rib metastases - ANSWER-Nuclear Medicine (better than MRI) Condition which can develop as a postoperative complication following open heart surgery - ANSWER-Osteomyelitis Preferred position for a study of the sternum - ANSWER-RAO Reason for using only RAO for a study of the sternum - ANSWER-It places the sternum over the heart to provide a uniform background for added visibility of the sternum