Bontrager Chapter 4 Workbook Exam Questions With 100% Verified Solutions

Bontrager Chapter 4 Workbook Exam Questions With 100% Verified Solutions The two important fat stripes or bands around the wrist joint are the: - ANSWER- A. Scaphoid fat stripe B. Pronator fat stripe The fat pads around the elbow joint are valuable diagnostic indicators if the following three technical/positioning requirements are met with the lateral position. - ANSWER- A. Elbow flexed 90 degrees B. Optimal exposure factors used B. In a true lateral position. True/False: If the posterior fat pad of the elbow is not visible radiographically, it suggests that a non-obvious radial head or neck fracture is present. - ANSWER- False True/False: Excessive kV may obscure the visibility of a fat pad - ANSWER- True True/False: Trauma or infection makes the anterior fat pad more difficult to see on a lateral elbow radiograph. - ANSWER- False Which routine projections best demonstrate the scaphoid fat pad? - ANSWER- PA and Oblique wrist Which routine projection best demonstrates the pronator fat stripe? - ANSWER- Lateral wrist Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: kV range - ANSWER- 60-80 kV Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: Long or short exposure time - ANSWER- Short exposure time Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: Large or small focal spot - ANSWER- Small focal spot Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: Most common minimum SID - ANSWER- 40" (102 cm) Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: Grids are used if the body part measures greater than ___________ cm - ANSWER- 10 cm Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: Small-to-medium dry plaster casts, increase - ANSWER- 5-7 kV Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: Large plaster casts, increase - ANSWER- 8-10 kV Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: Fiberglass casts, increase - ANSWER- 3-4 kV Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: Correctly exposed radiographs: Visualize ___________ margins and ___________ markings of all bones - ANSWER- soft tissue; trabecular The general rule for collimation for upper limb radiography states: - ANSWER- Collimation borders should be visible on all four sides if the IR is large enough to allow this without cutting off essential anatomy. What are the pertinent factors that help reduce image distortion during upper limb radiography? - ANSWER- A. 40 to 44" SID B. Minimal OID C. Correct CR centering and angulation D. Small focal spot True/False: Lead (protective) shielding is only required for upper limb studies performed on patients who are of childbearing age. - ANSWER- False (a good practice is to provide shielding for all patients) True/False: Guardians of young pediatric patients who are having upper limb studies can be asked to hold their child during the radiographic study. - ANSWER- True - ensure adults are given a lead apron to wear during exposures - _____________ is a radiographic procedure that uses contrast media injected into the joint capsule to visualize soft tissue pathology of the wrist, elbow, and shoulder joints. ANSWER- Arthrography What is the positioning routine for the second through fifth digits of the hand? - ANSWER- PA, PA oblique, and lateral How much of the metacarpals should be included for PA projection of the digits? - ANSWER- Distal aspect of metacarpals List the two radiographic criteria used to determine whether rotation is present on the PA projection of the digits. - ANSWER- A. Symmetric appearance of both sides of the shafts of phalanges and distal metacarpals B. Equal amounts of tissue on each side of the phalanges Identify which positioning modification(s) should be used for a study of the second digit to reduce distortion for each of the following: A. PA Oblique projection B. Lateral position - ANSWER- A. Perform the medial oblique rather than lateral oblique to decrease OID B. Perform a thumb-down lateral (mediolateral projection) to decrease OID Where is the CR centered for a PA oblique projection of the second digit? - ANSWER- Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP) joint Why is it important to keep the affected digit parallel to the IR for the PA oblique and lateral projections? A. To prevent distortion of the phalanx B. To prevent distortion of the joints C. To demonstrate small, non-displaced fractures near the joint D. All of the above - ANSWER- D. All of the above Why is the AP projection of the thumb recommended instead of the PA? - ANSWER- The AP position produces a decrease in OID and increased resolution. Which projection of the thumb is achieved naturally by placing the palmar surface of the hand in contact with the IR? - ANSWER- PA oblique Which IR size should be used for a thumb projection? - ANSWER- 8 x 10" A sesamoid bone is frequently found adjacent to the ____________________ joint of the thumb. - ANSWER- MCP - metacarpophalangeal True/False: The entire metacarpal and trapezium must be demonstrated on all projections of the thumb. - ANSWER- True