BIO (Anatomy & Physiology 2) LAB MIDTERM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST GUIDE FOR
2025.
Review the concept of blood transfusion and blood type compatibility.
To avoid a transfusion reaction, donated blood must be compatible with the
blood of the patient who is receiving the transfusion
In an external view of the heart, you should be able to recognize and label
the following structures: anterior interventricular septum, posterior
interventricular septum, epicardium, base, apex
LOOK AT NOTES STUDY PICTURE
In a frontal cross-section of a heart, you should be able to recognize
andlabel the following structures: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium,
leftventricle, interventricular septum, chordae tendinae, papillary
muscle,bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve.
LOOK AT NOTES STUDY PICTURE
You should be able to identify, label, and know the meaning of the
intervals and segments in the EKG. LOOK AT NOTES
P wave: A small deflection wave that represents atrial depolarization
PR interval: The time between the P wave and the QRS complex, which
indicates conduction through the AV node. A normal PR interval is 0.12-0.20
seconds, or 3-5 small squares. An abnormally short PR interval may indicate
that electrical impulses are traveling too quickly between the atria and
ventricles.
QRS complex: The three waves of the QRS complex represent ventricular
depolarization.
, ST segment: The time between the QRS complex and the T wave, which
shows when the ventricle is contracting but no electricity is flowing through it.
The ST segment usually appears as a straight, level line.
T wave: Represents ventricular repolarization.
RR interval: The duration between each cardiac cycle.
Given an EKG, you should be able to calculate the heart rate via the
1500method.
To calculate a heart rate using the "1500 method" on an EKG, count the
number of small squares between two consecutive R waves, then divide 1500
by that number; the result is the heart rate in beats per minute.
Given the blood pressure of a person, you should be able to calculate the
pulsepressure, stroke volume, cardiac output, and MAP and the mean
arterialpressure (including units). Make sure you know the formulae to
calculate themby heart as they will NOT be provided in the exam. An
example is shown below
Given BP: 120/80 mmHg (Systolic/Diastolic)
1. Pulse Pressure (PP)
Formula:
PP=Systolic BP−Diastolic BP\text{PP} = \text{Systolic BP} - \text{Diastolic
BP}PP=Systolic BP−Diastolic BP
Example:
PP=120−80=40 mmHg\text{PP} = 120 - 80 = \boxed{40 \text{
mmHg}}PP=120−80=40 mmHg
2. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST GUIDE FOR
2025.
Review the concept of blood transfusion and blood type compatibility.
To avoid a transfusion reaction, donated blood must be compatible with the
blood of the patient who is receiving the transfusion
In an external view of the heart, you should be able to recognize and label
the following structures: anterior interventricular septum, posterior
interventricular septum, epicardium, base, apex
LOOK AT NOTES STUDY PICTURE
In a frontal cross-section of a heart, you should be able to recognize
andlabel the following structures: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium,
leftventricle, interventricular septum, chordae tendinae, papillary
muscle,bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve.
LOOK AT NOTES STUDY PICTURE
You should be able to identify, label, and know the meaning of the
intervals and segments in the EKG. LOOK AT NOTES
P wave: A small deflection wave that represents atrial depolarization
PR interval: The time between the P wave and the QRS complex, which
indicates conduction through the AV node. A normal PR interval is 0.12-0.20
seconds, or 3-5 small squares. An abnormally short PR interval may indicate
that electrical impulses are traveling too quickly between the atria and
ventricles.
QRS complex: The three waves of the QRS complex represent ventricular
depolarization.
, ST segment: The time between the QRS complex and the T wave, which
shows when the ventricle is contracting but no electricity is flowing through it.
The ST segment usually appears as a straight, level line.
T wave: Represents ventricular repolarization.
RR interval: The duration between each cardiac cycle.
Given an EKG, you should be able to calculate the heart rate via the
1500method.
To calculate a heart rate using the "1500 method" on an EKG, count the
number of small squares between two consecutive R waves, then divide 1500
by that number; the result is the heart rate in beats per minute.
Given the blood pressure of a person, you should be able to calculate the
pulsepressure, stroke volume, cardiac output, and MAP and the mean
arterialpressure (including units). Make sure you know the formulae to
calculate themby heart as they will NOT be provided in the exam. An
example is shown below
Given BP: 120/80 mmHg (Systolic/Diastolic)
1. Pulse Pressure (PP)
Formula:
PP=Systolic BP−Diastolic BP\text{PP} = \text{Systolic BP} - \text{Diastolic
BP}PP=Systolic BP−Diastolic BP
Example:
PP=120−80=40 mmHg\text{PP} = 120 - 80 = \boxed{40 \text{
mmHg}}PP=120−80=40 mmHg
2. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
