NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Final
Exam
Actions of Insulin - correct answerInsulin promotes glucose uptake mostly in the liver,
muscle and adipose tissue
Acute Pyelonephritis - correct answerDiagnosing by clinical symptoms alone can be
difficult; can be similar to cystitis
Diagnosis established by:
-Urine culture
-Urinalysis (WBC casts indicates pyelonephritis, but may not always be present)
-Signs/Symptoms
-Complicated pyelonephritis requires blood cultures and urinary tract imaging
Acute renal failure - correct answerReversible
Determining prognosis- kidneys respond to diuretic with good output; this indicates that
kidneys are functioning well
Adrenal Crisis- Hypocortisolism - correct answerOnset of adrenal crisis is signified by
hypotension
Hypotension can progress to complete vascular collapse and shock. This is known as
adrenal crisis or addisonian crisis and develops with undiagnosed disease, acute
withdrawal of glucocorticoid therapy or the occurrence of infection or other comorbid
stressful events
Alzheimer's Disease - correct answerDecreased short-term memory occurs with mild
cognitive decline as a result of a reduced hippocampus size
Autonomic Neuropathy-Complication of Diabetes - correct answerAutonomic
Neuropathy includes:
GI Symptoms:
--Decreased esophageal motility
--Gastroparesis
--Delayed gastric emptying
Bacterial Meningitis - correct answerAssociated with compression of Cranial nerve V
and results in severe and sharp stabbing pain that can worsen with chewing
Bell's Palsy - correct answerAssociated with Cranial Nerve VII paralysis and results in
facial asymmetry and inability to close eye, smile or frown on the affected side
Cerebrovascular Accident - correct answerReview s/s depending on the artery infarcted
, Example: infarct in the ACA will result in motor: contralateral paralysis or paresis
(greater in foot and thigh)
Sensory deficits associated with basilar artery infarct include contralateral loss of
vibratory sense, sense of position with dysmetria, loss of two-point discrimination,
impaired rapid alternating movements
Chronic Renal Failure - correct answerChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive
loss of renal function associated with systemic disease such as hypertension, diabetes
mellitus (most significant risk factor), systemic lupus erythematosus or intrinsic kidney
disease
CKD stage is determined by estimates of GFR and albuminuria
Cluster Headache - correct answerUnilateral trigeminal distribution of severe pain with
ipsilateral autonomic manifestations, including tearing on the affected side, ptosis of the
ipsilateral eye and congestion of the nasal mucosa
Occurs in one side of the head primarily in men between 20 to 50 years of age
Pain may alternate sides with each headache episode
Severe, stabbing and throbbing
Pain often referred to the midface and teeth
Complications of Decreased GFR - correct answerAnemia
Hypertension
Decreased calcium absorption
Hyperlipidemia
Heart failure
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Fluid volume overload
Hyperkalemia
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperphosphatemia
Metabolic acidosis
Malnutrition (late complication)
Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes - correct answerAccording to American Diabetes
Association is: Hemoglobin A1C greater than or equal to 6.5%
Duodenal Ulcer - correct answerCharacteristic manifestation = chronic intermittent pain
in epigastric area
Pain begins 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating when stomach is empty
Exam
Actions of Insulin - correct answerInsulin promotes glucose uptake mostly in the liver,
muscle and adipose tissue
Acute Pyelonephritis - correct answerDiagnosing by clinical symptoms alone can be
difficult; can be similar to cystitis
Diagnosis established by:
-Urine culture
-Urinalysis (WBC casts indicates pyelonephritis, but may not always be present)
-Signs/Symptoms
-Complicated pyelonephritis requires blood cultures and urinary tract imaging
Acute renal failure - correct answerReversible
Determining prognosis- kidneys respond to diuretic with good output; this indicates that
kidneys are functioning well
Adrenal Crisis- Hypocortisolism - correct answerOnset of adrenal crisis is signified by
hypotension
Hypotension can progress to complete vascular collapse and shock. This is known as
adrenal crisis or addisonian crisis and develops with undiagnosed disease, acute
withdrawal of glucocorticoid therapy or the occurrence of infection or other comorbid
stressful events
Alzheimer's Disease - correct answerDecreased short-term memory occurs with mild
cognitive decline as a result of a reduced hippocampus size
Autonomic Neuropathy-Complication of Diabetes - correct answerAutonomic
Neuropathy includes:
GI Symptoms:
--Decreased esophageal motility
--Gastroparesis
--Delayed gastric emptying
Bacterial Meningitis - correct answerAssociated with compression of Cranial nerve V
and results in severe and sharp stabbing pain that can worsen with chewing
Bell's Palsy - correct answerAssociated with Cranial Nerve VII paralysis and results in
facial asymmetry and inability to close eye, smile or frown on the affected side
Cerebrovascular Accident - correct answerReview s/s depending on the artery infarcted
, Example: infarct in the ACA will result in motor: contralateral paralysis or paresis
(greater in foot and thigh)
Sensory deficits associated with basilar artery infarct include contralateral loss of
vibratory sense, sense of position with dysmetria, loss of two-point discrimination,
impaired rapid alternating movements
Chronic Renal Failure - correct answerChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive
loss of renal function associated with systemic disease such as hypertension, diabetes
mellitus (most significant risk factor), systemic lupus erythematosus or intrinsic kidney
disease
CKD stage is determined by estimates of GFR and albuminuria
Cluster Headache - correct answerUnilateral trigeminal distribution of severe pain with
ipsilateral autonomic manifestations, including tearing on the affected side, ptosis of the
ipsilateral eye and congestion of the nasal mucosa
Occurs in one side of the head primarily in men between 20 to 50 years of age
Pain may alternate sides with each headache episode
Severe, stabbing and throbbing
Pain often referred to the midface and teeth
Complications of Decreased GFR - correct answerAnemia
Hypertension
Decreased calcium absorption
Hyperlipidemia
Heart failure
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Fluid volume overload
Hyperkalemia
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperphosphatemia
Metabolic acidosis
Malnutrition (late complication)
Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes - correct answerAccording to American Diabetes
Association is: Hemoglobin A1C greater than or equal to 6.5%
Duodenal Ulcer - correct answerCharacteristic manifestation = chronic intermittent pain
in epigastric area
Pain begins 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating when stomach is empty
