NURS 3700 – Adult Final Exam Study Set | A+ Content for
High-Scoring student
hepatitis - ✔✔acute phase of this would show hepatomegaly/lymphadenopathy/splenomegaly on a
physical exam; would also be icteric - jaundice
icteric - ✔✔means jaundice (seen in hepatitis)
convalescent - ✔✔this phase of hepatitis is when jaundice is disappearing; lasts weeks - months; malaise
and easy fatiguability; most patients with acute viral hepatitis recover completely
hepatitis - ✔✔complications of this disease are acute liver failure, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and
hepatocellular carcinoma
hepatitis - ✔✔it is important to teach prevention of spread to family members for someone with this
disease
cirrhosis - ✔✔chronic progressive disease of the liver characterized by diffusive degeneration and
destruction of hepatocytes -leads to scar tissue and eventual liver failure
cirrhosis - ✔✔development of this is insidious - different forms of it can be alcoholic, hepatitis,
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, biliary, or cardiac
cirrhosis - ✔✔early sx of this are fatigue, anorexia, dyspepsia, flatulence, n/v, bowel changes, fever,
abdominal pain
cirrhosis - ✔✔late sx of this are jaundice, peripheral edema, ascites; also spider angiomas and skin
lesions - all due to liver failure
cirrhosis - ✔✔complications of this:
- portal HTN, esophageal varices, gastric varices, peripheral edema, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy,
hepatorenal syndrome
,portal hypertension - ✔✔complication of cirrhosis - results from obstruction of blood flow through
portal and hepatic veins
portal hypertension - ✔✔complications of cirrhosis where there is increased portal venous pressure,
splenomegaly, large collateral veins, ascites, gastric varices
esophageal varices - ✔✔this is a complication of cirrhosis where there are tortuous enlarge veins (also
gastric ones)
peripheral edema - ✔✔this is a complication of cirrhosis where there is decreased oncotic pressure
because the liver is damaged and cannot synthesize albumin (monitor levels)
ascites - ✔✔complication of cirrhosis where there is an accumulation of serous fluid in the
peritoneal/abdominal cavity which causes abd distention and weight gain
hepatic encephalopathy - ✔✔complication of cirrhosis - neurotoxic effects of ammonia where the liver
is unable to convert ammonia and it crosses the blood brain barrier
hepatic encephalopathy - ✔✔this can be triggered by events like dehydration/low O2/GI bleeding, check
CBC for ammonia level
hepatic encephalopathy - ✔✔this causes changes in neurologic and mental responsiveness, impaired
consciousness, lethargy and coma, impaired writing ability
hepatic encephalopathy - ✔✔sx of this are asterixis, fetor hepaticus - sweet odor on breath
hepatic encephalopathy - ✔✔restrict protein for someone with this because it contributes to ammonia
build up - eat more dairy for protein and less meat
hepatorenal syndrome - ✔✔complication of cirrhosis where there is renal failure with oliguria/ascites
(low urine output and edema) treated with liver transplant
, varices - ✔✔this complication of cirrhosis is treated with avoiding NSAIDS and alcohol - stabillize the
airway and provide blood products
paracentesis - ✔✔treatment for ascites - patient should void immediately before, sit high fowlers or side
of bed, monitor for imbalances/hypovolemia/bleeding in dressing or leakage
ercp - ✔✔procedure where iodine dye is injected into the bile duct and an x ray is taken - after
procedure make sure they are NPO until the gag reflex returns - this could lead to procedure induced
pancreatitis
tips - ✔✔trans jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
tips - ✔✔nonsurgical shunting procedure used for long-term treatment of varices due to cirrhosis
tips - ✔✔can determine if this procedure was effective by seeing a decrease in number of bleeding
episodes
hyperthyroidism - ✔✔hyperactivity of the thyroid gland - sustained increase in synthesis and release of
thyroid hormones by thyroid gland
hyperthyroidism - ✔✔graves disease - autoimmune disease of unknown origin
hyperthyroidism - ✔✔sx of this are exophthalmos, goiter, metabolic changes, cardiac abnormalities,
nervousness, irritability, weight loss, heat intolerance, inability to concentrate, increase in basal
temperature
hyperthyroidism - ✔✔treated with antithyroid drugs like methimazole, iodine, radioactive iodine
therapy
hyperthyroidism - ✔✔someone with this needs a HIGH calorie diet and 6 full meals
High-Scoring student
hepatitis - ✔✔acute phase of this would show hepatomegaly/lymphadenopathy/splenomegaly on a
physical exam; would also be icteric - jaundice
icteric - ✔✔means jaundice (seen in hepatitis)
convalescent - ✔✔this phase of hepatitis is when jaundice is disappearing; lasts weeks - months; malaise
and easy fatiguability; most patients with acute viral hepatitis recover completely
hepatitis - ✔✔complications of this disease are acute liver failure, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and
hepatocellular carcinoma
hepatitis - ✔✔it is important to teach prevention of spread to family members for someone with this
disease
cirrhosis - ✔✔chronic progressive disease of the liver characterized by diffusive degeneration and
destruction of hepatocytes -leads to scar tissue and eventual liver failure
cirrhosis - ✔✔development of this is insidious - different forms of it can be alcoholic, hepatitis,
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, biliary, or cardiac
cirrhosis - ✔✔early sx of this are fatigue, anorexia, dyspepsia, flatulence, n/v, bowel changes, fever,
abdominal pain
cirrhosis - ✔✔late sx of this are jaundice, peripheral edema, ascites; also spider angiomas and skin
lesions - all due to liver failure
cirrhosis - ✔✔complications of this:
- portal HTN, esophageal varices, gastric varices, peripheral edema, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy,
hepatorenal syndrome
,portal hypertension - ✔✔complication of cirrhosis - results from obstruction of blood flow through
portal and hepatic veins
portal hypertension - ✔✔complications of cirrhosis where there is increased portal venous pressure,
splenomegaly, large collateral veins, ascites, gastric varices
esophageal varices - ✔✔this is a complication of cirrhosis where there are tortuous enlarge veins (also
gastric ones)
peripheral edema - ✔✔this is a complication of cirrhosis where there is decreased oncotic pressure
because the liver is damaged and cannot synthesize albumin (monitor levels)
ascites - ✔✔complication of cirrhosis where there is an accumulation of serous fluid in the
peritoneal/abdominal cavity which causes abd distention and weight gain
hepatic encephalopathy - ✔✔complication of cirrhosis - neurotoxic effects of ammonia where the liver
is unable to convert ammonia and it crosses the blood brain barrier
hepatic encephalopathy - ✔✔this can be triggered by events like dehydration/low O2/GI bleeding, check
CBC for ammonia level
hepatic encephalopathy - ✔✔this causes changes in neurologic and mental responsiveness, impaired
consciousness, lethargy and coma, impaired writing ability
hepatic encephalopathy - ✔✔sx of this are asterixis, fetor hepaticus - sweet odor on breath
hepatic encephalopathy - ✔✔restrict protein for someone with this because it contributes to ammonia
build up - eat more dairy for protein and less meat
hepatorenal syndrome - ✔✔complication of cirrhosis where there is renal failure with oliguria/ascites
(low urine output and edema) treated with liver transplant
, varices - ✔✔this complication of cirrhosis is treated with avoiding NSAIDS and alcohol - stabillize the
airway and provide blood products
paracentesis - ✔✔treatment for ascites - patient should void immediately before, sit high fowlers or side
of bed, monitor for imbalances/hypovolemia/bleeding in dressing or leakage
ercp - ✔✔procedure where iodine dye is injected into the bile duct and an x ray is taken - after
procedure make sure they are NPO until the gag reflex returns - this could lead to procedure induced
pancreatitis
tips - ✔✔trans jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
tips - ✔✔nonsurgical shunting procedure used for long-term treatment of varices due to cirrhosis
tips - ✔✔can determine if this procedure was effective by seeing a decrease in number of bleeding
episodes
hyperthyroidism - ✔✔hyperactivity of the thyroid gland - sustained increase in synthesis and release of
thyroid hormones by thyroid gland
hyperthyroidism - ✔✔graves disease - autoimmune disease of unknown origin
hyperthyroidism - ✔✔sx of this are exophthalmos, goiter, metabolic changes, cardiac abnormalities,
nervousness, irritability, weight loss, heat intolerance, inability to concentrate, increase in basal
temperature
hyperthyroidism - ✔✔treated with antithyroid drugs like methimazole, iodine, radioactive iodine
therapy
hyperthyroidism - ✔✔someone with this needs a HIGH calorie diet and 6 full meals
