HPNU 3060 RENAL-URINARY
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
2025 ALREADY GRADED A+ BY
EXPERTS
Which of the following is true regarding the position and structure of the kidneys?
-adrenal glands lie directly above them
-lie within the abdominal cavity
-protected by a layer of fat - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-adrenal glands lie directly above them
-protected by a layer of fat
Which of the following is true regarding the kidneys?
-contribute 5% of the body's weight
-have an outer cortical area and an inner medullary area
-have renal columns that separate renal pyramids
-receive 20% of the resting cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-have an outer cortical
area and an inner medullary area
-have renal columns that separate renal pyramids
-receive 20% of the resting cardiac output
In a human kidney, which of the following statements is true?
a) 50% of the nephrons are "cortical" and 50% are "juxtamedullary".
b) 80% of the nephrons are "cortical" and 20% are "juxtamedullary".
c) All of the nephrons are referred to as "cortical".
d) All of the nephrons are referred to as "juxtamedullary". - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>B
Each nephron consists of a glomerulus and a renal tubule. Subdivisions of the renal tubule, in
order, are: - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop
of Henle, distal convoluted tubule.
Fill in the gaps to describe the two populations of nephrons in the kidney:
The more numerous _______ nephrons are located almost entirely in the ________, and only a
small part of their loop of Henle penetrates into the medulla. __________ nephrons are located at
the cortico-medullary junction, and their loop of Henle dips deeply into the ________. -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>cortical, cotrex, juxtamedullary, medulla
,To pass from the blood into the capsular space in the renal corpuscle, which of the following
must the substance pass through? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>The capillary endothelium, the
basement membrane, and between the foot process of the the podocytes.
Categorize the following substances' appearance in the ultrafiltrate into normal and abnormal.
-albumin (a protein)
-amino acid
-glucose
-NaCl
-plasma
-RBC
-WBC - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Normal:
-amino acid
-glucose
-NaCl
-plasma
Abnormal:
-RBC
-WBC
-albumin (a protein)
Follow the afferent blood through the kidneys - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>aorta, renal artery,
segmental artery, lobar artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, afferent
arteriole, glomerulus
Follow the efferent blood through the kidneys - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>glomerulus, efferent
arteriole, peritubular capillaries, interlobular vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, renal vein,
inferior vena cava
Which statements are true regarding the kidneys?
- each tubule is supplied by blood that has perfused its own glomerulus
-the afferent arteriole arises from a relatively large artery
-the glomerular capillaries drain into a second arteriole, the efferent arteriole
-the medulla has long capillary loops known as the vasa recta - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-
each tubule is supplied by blood that has perfused its own glomerulus
-the afferent arteriole arises from a relatively large artery
-the glomerular capillaries drain into a second arteriole, the efferent arteriole
-the medulla has long capillary loops known as the vasa recta
The thick muscle layer of the bladder wall is the: - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>detrusor muscle
Follow urine through the urinary system - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>ureters, bladder, internal
urethral sphincter, external urethral sphincter, urethra
, Which pigment is responsible for the normal pale yellow urine color? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>urochrome
Which statement is true when the bladder is filling with urine? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>The
layer of epithelial cells decreases in thickness.
Which statement is false regarding sympathetic nerves?
a) They arise from the spinal cord at T8 to T10.
b) They mediate bladder smooth muscle relaxation through beta receptors.
c) They result in contraction of the internal sphincter through alpha receptors. - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>A
Which statement is false in the control of micturition?
a)The cerebral center acts to inhibit the activity of the pontine center.
b) The pontine center coordinates sphincter relaxation with bladder contraction.
c) The sacral center is responsible for bladder contraction. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>A
Fill in the blanks:
In water diuresis ADH secretion is _________, the collecting ducts become relatively _______
to water and excess _______ is lost without __________. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>inhibited,
impermeable, water, solute
Fill in the blanks:
Osmotic diuresis can occur if a non-reabsorbable solute is _______, or if tubular function is
__________. It is also seen in people with diabetes mellitus when plasma glucose concentration
_______ and the filtered load exceeds the tubular _______. - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>filtered, inhibited, rises, maximum
Which of the following are associated with osmotic diuresis and which are associated with water
diuresis?
-chronic renal disease
-excess water ingestion
-low circulating levels of ADH
-unreabsorbable solute - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Osmotic diuresis:
-unreabsorbable solute
-chronic renal disease
Water diuresis:
-excess water ingestion
-low circulating levels of ADH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
2025 ALREADY GRADED A+ BY
EXPERTS
Which of the following is true regarding the position and structure of the kidneys?
-adrenal glands lie directly above them
-lie within the abdominal cavity
-protected by a layer of fat - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-adrenal glands lie directly above them
-protected by a layer of fat
Which of the following is true regarding the kidneys?
-contribute 5% of the body's weight
-have an outer cortical area and an inner medullary area
-have renal columns that separate renal pyramids
-receive 20% of the resting cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-have an outer cortical
area and an inner medullary area
-have renal columns that separate renal pyramids
-receive 20% of the resting cardiac output
In a human kidney, which of the following statements is true?
a) 50% of the nephrons are "cortical" and 50% are "juxtamedullary".
b) 80% of the nephrons are "cortical" and 20% are "juxtamedullary".
c) All of the nephrons are referred to as "cortical".
d) All of the nephrons are referred to as "juxtamedullary". - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>B
Each nephron consists of a glomerulus and a renal tubule. Subdivisions of the renal tubule, in
order, are: - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop
of Henle, distal convoluted tubule.
Fill in the gaps to describe the two populations of nephrons in the kidney:
The more numerous _______ nephrons are located almost entirely in the ________, and only a
small part of their loop of Henle penetrates into the medulla. __________ nephrons are located at
the cortico-medullary junction, and their loop of Henle dips deeply into the ________. -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>cortical, cotrex, juxtamedullary, medulla
,To pass from the blood into the capsular space in the renal corpuscle, which of the following
must the substance pass through? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>The capillary endothelium, the
basement membrane, and between the foot process of the the podocytes.
Categorize the following substances' appearance in the ultrafiltrate into normal and abnormal.
-albumin (a protein)
-amino acid
-glucose
-NaCl
-plasma
-RBC
-WBC - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Normal:
-amino acid
-glucose
-NaCl
-plasma
Abnormal:
-RBC
-WBC
-albumin (a protein)
Follow the afferent blood through the kidneys - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>aorta, renal artery,
segmental artery, lobar artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, afferent
arteriole, glomerulus
Follow the efferent blood through the kidneys - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>glomerulus, efferent
arteriole, peritubular capillaries, interlobular vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, renal vein,
inferior vena cava
Which statements are true regarding the kidneys?
- each tubule is supplied by blood that has perfused its own glomerulus
-the afferent arteriole arises from a relatively large artery
-the glomerular capillaries drain into a second arteriole, the efferent arteriole
-the medulla has long capillary loops known as the vasa recta - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-
each tubule is supplied by blood that has perfused its own glomerulus
-the afferent arteriole arises from a relatively large artery
-the glomerular capillaries drain into a second arteriole, the efferent arteriole
-the medulla has long capillary loops known as the vasa recta
The thick muscle layer of the bladder wall is the: - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>detrusor muscle
Follow urine through the urinary system - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>ureters, bladder, internal
urethral sphincter, external urethral sphincter, urethra
, Which pigment is responsible for the normal pale yellow urine color? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>urochrome
Which statement is true when the bladder is filling with urine? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>The
layer of epithelial cells decreases in thickness.
Which statement is false regarding sympathetic nerves?
a) They arise from the spinal cord at T8 to T10.
b) They mediate bladder smooth muscle relaxation through beta receptors.
c) They result in contraction of the internal sphincter through alpha receptors. - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>A
Which statement is false in the control of micturition?
a)The cerebral center acts to inhibit the activity of the pontine center.
b) The pontine center coordinates sphincter relaxation with bladder contraction.
c) The sacral center is responsible for bladder contraction. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>A
Fill in the blanks:
In water diuresis ADH secretion is _________, the collecting ducts become relatively _______
to water and excess _______ is lost without __________. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>inhibited,
impermeable, water, solute
Fill in the blanks:
Osmotic diuresis can occur if a non-reabsorbable solute is _______, or if tubular function is
__________. It is also seen in people with diabetes mellitus when plasma glucose concentration
_______ and the filtered load exceeds the tubular _______. - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>filtered, inhibited, rises, maximum
Which of the following are associated with osmotic diuresis and which are associated with water
diuresis?
-chronic renal disease
-excess water ingestion
-low circulating levels of ADH
-unreabsorbable solute - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Osmotic diuresis:
-unreabsorbable solute
-chronic renal disease
Water diuresis:
-excess water ingestion
-low circulating levels of ADH
