@PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
FINAL EXAM (260 QUESTIONS
WITH 100% EXACT ANSWERS)
2025 LATEST UPDATED AND
GRADED A+
Albuterol - Exact answer Class: Short acting B2 agonist with minor B1
Used for: Bronchospasms associated with asthma, bronchitis (acute or
PR
chronic), and COPD
ADR: Potential drug-induced hyperglycemia, cardiac arrhythmias, some
CNS excitation effects (tremors, dizziness), HA, tachycardia, palpitations
Comments: Safe for children and pregnancy; may combine with
ipratropium; least expensive
O
Terbutaline - Exact answer Class: Short acting B2 agonist with minor B1
Used for: Bronchospasms associated with asthma, bronchitis (acute or
FD
chronic), and COPD
ADR: Potential drug-induced hyperglycemia, cardiac arrhythmias, some
CNS excitation effects (tremors, dizziness), HA, tachycardia, palpitations
X: Pregnancy category B or C
O
Salmeterol - Exact answer Class: Long acting B2 agonist, more selective
Used for: Bronchospasms associated with asthma, bronchitis (acute or
C
chronic), and COPD
ADR: Potential drug-induced hyperglycemia, cardiac arrhythmias, some
CNS excitation effects (tremors, dizziness), HA, tachycardia, palpitations
Comments: Do not use alone for persistent asthma, combine with an
inhaled corticosteroid; don't wash it, powder can get clogged
What are some things you can educate your patients on regarding beta
agonist inhalers? - Exact answer 1. Demonstrate and have patient do
return demonstration
2. Check correct inhaler use if patient says it's not working
3. Encourage use of spacer
,@PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
Fluticasone - Exact answer Class: Inhaled corticosteroid
Used for: 1st line treatment for persistent asthma
MOA: Anti-inflammatory, minimal systemic exposure
Budesonide - Exact answer Class: Inhaled corticosteroid
Used for: 1st line treatment for persistent asthma
MOA: Anti-inflammatory, minimal systemic exposure
Zafirlukast - Exact answer Class: Leukotriene modifier/antagonist
Used for: 2nd line to decrease bronchoconstriction, edema
MOA: Works similar to prostaglandins in r/t to inflammation, blocks
lipoxygenase
PR
Theophylline - Exact answer Class: Xanthine; stimulant
Used for: Asthma
MOA: Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
ADR: cardiovascular effects, increased gastric acid production, CNS effects
(irritability, restlessness, seizures, insomnia), GI effects (reflux, worsens
O
heartburn), cardiac effects (palpitations, tachycardia, hypotension, life-
threatening arrhythmias)
X: GERD, HTN, ischemic heart dx, coronary insufficiency, CHF, history of
FD
stroke, cardiac arrhythmias; smoking increases clearance
Comments: Stay away from charcoal-broiled foods (accelerates the hepatic
metabolism), avoid large amounts of caffeine containing beverages;
elimination is influenced by diet
O
What are the signs of Theophylline toxicity? - Exact answer Vomiting,
insomnia, jitteriness, HA, severe GI pain, irregular heartbeat
C
Ipratropium Bromide - Exact answer Class: Inhaled anticholinergic
Used for: NOT 1st line, supplemental use in acute bronchospasm
MOA: Blocks the muscarinic cholinergic receptors, causes bronchial
smooth muscle relaxation; uses alternate pathway, effects additive with
beta receptors
What is asthma? - Exact answer Chronic inflammatory disorder of the
airways, recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness and chest
tightness, airflow obstruction is reversible - recommendations by Expert
Panel III is to take an aggressive approach to gain quick control
,@PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
What would you treat mild intermittent asthma with? - Exact answer Step 1
therapy:
1. Use short acting B2 agonists PRN for symptoms - patients may have
symptoms when exposed to triggers (URI, allergens, chemical inhalents,
exercise)
2. Educate on annual flu shot
What would you treat mild persistent asthma with? - Exact answer Step 2
therapy:
1. Long-term/low dose inhaled corticosteroids such as Fluticasone or
Budesonide
2. Use short acting B2 agonist PRN, if using more than 2 days/week, then
step up therapy
PR
What would you treat moderate persistent asthma with? - Exact answer
Step 3 therapy:
1. Treat with medium dose inhaled corticosteroids (Fluticasone or
Budesonide) OR
O
1. Low dose inhaled steroid (Fluticasone or Budesonide) plus long acting
B2 agonist (Advair or Salmeterol) OR
1. Medium dose inhaled steroid (Fluticasone or Budesonide) plus
FD
leukotriene receptor antagonist (Zafirlukast)
2. May use short acting B2 agonists (Albuterol or Terbutaline)
What would you treat severe persistent asthma with? - Exact answer Step
O
4 therapy:
1. Medium dose inhaled corticosteroid (Fluticasone or Budesonide) AND
long-acting B2 agonist (Salmeterol) OR
C
1. Medium dose inhaled corticosteroid (Fluticasone or Budesonide) AND a
leukotriene modifier (Zafirlukast) OR Theophylline
Step 5 therapy:
1. High dose inhaled corticosteroid AND long acting B2 agonist
Step 6 therapy:
1. High dose inhaled corticosteroid AND long acting B2 agonist AND oral
corticosteroid
**Severe persistent asthma requires consultation with asthma specialist
, @PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
What drugs would you consider for pregnant patients who have asthma? -
Exact answer Inhaled beta agonists are acute drug of choice; inhaled
corticosteroids are the long term drug of choice
When would you refer a child with asthma to a specialist? - Exact answer
At step 3 therapy
When would you consider using a long acting B2 agonists as
monotherapy? - Exact answer If your patient has COPD
Systematic antibiotics are required for ____? - Exact answer Moderate to
severe impetigo, boils, abscesses, perianal strep, cellulitis, MRSA
suspected skin infections
PR
Mupirocin - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
Used for: Mild impetigo, nasal MRSA carriers
Comments: Generic Mupirocin is less expensive
O
Bacitracin - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
Used for: Mild impetigo
Comments: Can be combined to make double or triple ATB
FD
Retapamulin - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
Used for: Mild impetigo or nasal MRSA carriers
Comments: Cannot be given intranasal or will destroy sense of smell
O
Polymixin B - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
Used for: Mild impetigo
C
Comments: A double and triple ATB
Neomycin - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
Used for: Mild impetigo
Comments: May cause sensitivity in triple ATB
Cephalexin - Exact answer Class: Oral ATB
Used for: Severe impetigo >5 lesions, or if no improvement in 2-3 days,
furuncles, 2nd line for UTI, therapeutic failure of AOM
MOA: Inhibits CELL WALL
ADR: Diarrhea; don't take if allergic to PCNs
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
FINAL EXAM (260 QUESTIONS
WITH 100% EXACT ANSWERS)
2025 LATEST UPDATED AND
GRADED A+
Albuterol - Exact answer Class: Short acting B2 agonist with minor B1
Used for: Bronchospasms associated with asthma, bronchitis (acute or
PR
chronic), and COPD
ADR: Potential drug-induced hyperglycemia, cardiac arrhythmias, some
CNS excitation effects (tremors, dizziness), HA, tachycardia, palpitations
Comments: Safe for children and pregnancy; may combine with
ipratropium; least expensive
O
Terbutaline - Exact answer Class: Short acting B2 agonist with minor B1
Used for: Bronchospasms associated with asthma, bronchitis (acute or
FD
chronic), and COPD
ADR: Potential drug-induced hyperglycemia, cardiac arrhythmias, some
CNS excitation effects (tremors, dizziness), HA, tachycardia, palpitations
X: Pregnancy category B or C
O
Salmeterol - Exact answer Class: Long acting B2 agonist, more selective
Used for: Bronchospasms associated with asthma, bronchitis (acute or
C
chronic), and COPD
ADR: Potential drug-induced hyperglycemia, cardiac arrhythmias, some
CNS excitation effects (tremors, dizziness), HA, tachycardia, palpitations
Comments: Do not use alone for persistent asthma, combine with an
inhaled corticosteroid; don't wash it, powder can get clogged
What are some things you can educate your patients on regarding beta
agonist inhalers? - Exact answer 1. Demonstrate and have patient do
return demonstration
2. Check correct inhaler use if patient says it's not working
3. Encourage use of spacer
,@PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
Fluticasone - Exact answer Class: Inhaled corticosteroid
Used for: 1st line treatment for persistent asthma
MOA: Anti-inflammatory, minimal systemic exposure
Budesonide - Exact answer Class: Inhaled corticosteroid
Used for: 1st line treatment for persistent asthma
MOA: Anti-inflammatory, minimal systemic exposure
Zafirlukast - Exact answer Class: Leukotriene modifier/antagonist
Used for: 2nd line to decrease bronchoconstriction, edema
MOA: Works similar to prostaglandins in r/t to inflammation, blocks
lipoxygenase
PR
Theophylline - Exact answer Class: Xanthine; stimulant
Used for: Asthma
MOA: Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
ADR: cardiovascular effects, increased gastric acid production, CNS effects
(irritability, restlessness, seizures, insomnia), GI effects (reflux, worsens
O
heartburn), cardiac effects (palpitations, tachycardia, hypotension, life-
threatening arrhythmias)
X: GERD, HTN, ischemic heart dx, coronary insufficiency, CHF, history of
FD
stroke, cardiac arrhythmias; smoking increases clearance
Comments: Stay away from charcoal-broiled foods (accelerates the hepatic
metabolism), avoid large amounts of caffeine containing beverages;
elimination is influenced by diet
O
What are the signs of Theophylline toxicity? - Exact answer Vomiting,
insomnia, jitteriness, HA, severe GI pain, irregular heartbeat
C
Ipratropium Bromide - Exact answer Class: Inhaled anticholinergic
Used for: NOT 1st line, supplemental use in acute bronchospasm
MOA: Blocks the muscarinic cholinergic receptors, causes bronchial
smooth muscle relaxation; uses alternate pathway, effects additive with
beta receptors
What is asthma? - Exact answer Chronic inflammatory disorder of the
airways, recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness and chest
tightness, airflow obstruction is reversible - recommendations by Expert
Panel III is to take an aggressive approach to gain quick control
,@PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
What would you treat mild intermittent asthma with? - Exact answer Step 1
therapy:
1. Use short acting B2 agonists PRN for symptoms - patients may have
symptoms when exposed to triggers (URI, allergens, chemical inhalents,
exercise)
2. Educate on annual flu shot
What would you treat mild persistent asthma with? - Exact answer Step 2
therapy:
1. Long-term/low dose inhaled corticosteroids such as Fluticasone or
Budesonide
2. Use short acting B2 agonist PRN, if using more than 2 days/week, then
step up therapy
PR
What would you treat moderate persistent asthma with? - Exact answer
Step 3 therapy:
1. Treat with medium dose inhaled corticosteroids (Fluticasone or
Budesonide) OR
O
1. Low dose inhaled steroid (Fluticasone or Budesonide) plus long acting
B2 agonist (Advair or Salmeterol) OR
1. Medium dose inhaled steroid (Fluticasone or Budesonide) plus
FD
leukotriene receptor antagonist (Zafirlukast)
2. May use short acting B2 agonists (Albuterol or Terbutaline)
What would you treat severe persistent asthma with? - Exact answer Step
O
4 therapy:
1. Medium dose inhaled corticosteroid (Fluticasone or Budesonide) AND
long-acting B2 agonist (Salmeterol) OR
C
1. Medium dose inhaled corticosteroid (Fluticasone or Budesonide) AND a
leukotriene modifier (Zafirlukast) OR Theophylline
Step 5 therapy:
1. High dose inhaled corticosteroid AND long acting B2 agonist
Step 6 therapy:
1. High dose inhaled corticosteroid AND long acting B2 agonist AND oral
corticosteroid
**Severe persistent asthma requires consultation with asthma specialist
, @PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
What drugs would you consider for pregnant patients who have asthma? -
Exact answer Inhaled beta agonists are acute drug of choice; inhaled
corticosteroids are the long term drug of choice
When would you refer a child with asthma to a specialist? - Exact answer
At step 3 therapy
When would you consider using a long acting B2 agonists as
monotherapy? - Exact answer If your patient has COPD
Systematic antibiotics are required for ____? - Exact answer Moderate to
severe impetigo, boils, abscesses, perianal strep, cellulitis, MRSA
suspected skin infections
PR
Mupirocin - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
Used for: Mild impetigo, nasal MRSA carriers
Comments: Generic Mupirocin is less expensive
O
Bacitracin - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
Used for: Mild impetigo
Comments: Can be combined to make double or triple ATB
FD
Retapamulin - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
Used for: Mild impetigo or nasal MRSA carriers
Comments: Cannot be given intranasal or will destroy sense of smell
O
Polymixin B - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
Used for: Mild impetigo
C
Comments: A double and triple ATB
Neomycin - Exact answer Class: Topical ATB
Used for: Mild impetigo
Comments: May cause sensitivity in triple ATB
Cephalexin - Exact answer Class: Oral ATB
Used for: Severe impetigo >5 lesions, or if no improvement in 2-3 days,
furuncles, 2nd line for UTI, therapeutic failure of AOM
MOA: Inhibits CELL WALL
ADR: Diarrhea; don't take if allergic to PCNs
