VMED 5255 - Vector-Borne
Diseases
1. Potential causes of
Immune mediated
hemolytic ane-
mia?
Infectious causes
• Babesia - B. canis, B. gibsonii, other small babesia
• Mycoplasma (Mycoplasma hemocanis,
formerly Hemobartonella)
• Ehrlichia (?) - E. canis, E. ewingii
• Anaplasma - A. phagocytophilum
• Bartonella vinsonii berkofli
• Leishmania spp.
• Dirofilaria
• Sepsis
Toxins (Zn, Cu, Pb, Onion)
2. Features of
Babesia gibsoni? • Smaller than B. canis
• Parasitemia is usually low
• May be single or multiple organisms per cell
3. What are species of
large Babesia? Babesia canis, B. vogeli
• Larger tear dropped shaped organisms
• Often in pairs
4. What are species of
small Babesia?
Babesia gibsoni, B.conradae, B. vulpes
- Smaller organisms
, VMED 5255 - Vector-Borne
Diseases
5. What are the pri- -B.canis - Dermatocentor in Europe
mary tick vectors
-B.gibsoni - absent vector in North America, Hemaphysalis in Asia
for
-B.vogeli - Ripicephalus sanguineus
-B.conradae - TBD
6. Transmission of
• Tick must be attached for approximately 50 hours before transmission can occur
Babesiosis?
Other routes
• Via biting (dog fights)
• Blood transfusion
• Transplacental
7. Pathogenesis of
Babesiosis? • Babesia organisms enter the blood and replicate within red blood cells resulting in
extra- and intravascular hemolysis.
• Splenomegaly is common.
• Vasculitis and platelet activation may occur.
• The immune system is activated but rarely results in clearance of organisms.
• Many of the clinical signs are probably immune-mediated.
**Babesiosis should be on the ditterential diagnosis for a dog suspected of having IMHA.
8. Clinical findings • Greyhounds (B. canis) and Pit Bulls (B. gibsoni) are overrepresented
of Babesiosis?
• Younger animals are more likely to show clinical signs
• Most infected animals will be subclinical
• The most typical presentation is acute fever, anorexia, and depression in a dog with
hemolytic anemia.
-B. canis/vogeli - usually puppies or adult dogs that have been recently
Diseases
1. Potential causes of
Immune mediated
hemolytic ane-
mia?
Infectious causes
• Babesia - B. canis, B. gibsonii, other small babesia
• Mycoplasma (Mycoplasma hemocanis,
formerly Hemobartonella)
• Ehrlichia (?) - E. canis, E. ewingii
• Anaplasma - A. phagocytophilum
• Bartonella vinsonii berkofli
• Leishmania spp.
• Dirofilaria
• Sepsis
Toxins (Zn, Cu, Pb, Onion)
2. Features of
Babesia gibsoni? • Smaller than B. canis
• Parasitemia is usually low
• May be single or multiple organisms per cell
3. What are species of
large Babesia? Babesia canis, B. vogeli
• Larger tear dropped shaped organisms
• Often in pairs
4. What are species of
small Babesia?
Babesia gibsoni, B.conradae, B. vulpes
- Smaller organisms
, VMED 5255 - Vector-Borne
Diseases
5. What are the pri- -B.canis - Dermatocentor in Europe
mary tick vectors
-B.gibsoni - absent vector in North America, Hemaphysalis in Asia
for
-B.vogeli - Ripicephalus sanguineus
-B.conradae - TBD
6. Transmission of
• Tick must be attached for approximately 50 hours before transmission can occur
Babesiosis?
Other routes
• Via biting (dog fights)
• Blood transfusion
• Transplacental
7. Pathogenesis of
Babesiosis? • Babesia organisms enter the blood and replicate within red blood cells resulting in
extra- and intravascular hemolysis.
• Splenomegaly is common.
• Vasculitis and platelet activation may occur.
• The immune system is activated but rarely results in clearance of organisms.
• Many of the clinical signs are probably immune-mediated.
**Babesiosis should be on the ditterential diagnosis for a dog suspected of having IMHA.
8. Clinical findings • Greyhounds (B. canis) and Pit Bulls (B. gibsoni) are overrepresented
of Babesiosis?
• Younger animals are more likely to show clinical signs
• Most infected animals will be subclinical
• The most typical presentation is acute fever, anorexia, and depression in a dog with
hemolytic anemia.
-B. canis/vogeli - usually puppies or adult dogs that have been recently
