WGU D570 - Cognitive Psychology Actual
Exam Questions With Reviewed 100%
Correct Detailed Answers
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1. What is a mental set?
- ANSWER A preconceived notion about how to approach a problem.
2. What influences a mental set?
- ANSWER Past experiences and preconceptions about object functions.
3. What is the definition of Problem Space?
- ANSWER The set of all possible states in a problem-solving process.
4. What types of states are included in a Problem Space?
- ANSWER Initial, goal, and intermediate states.
5. What is restructuring in psychology?
- ANSWER A process involving a change in the representation of a problem
leading to a solution.
6. Which psychologists emphasized the concept of restructuring?
- ANSWER Gestalt psychologists.
7. Does restructuring rely on mathematical equations?
- ANSWER No, it does not rely on mathematical equations.
8. What is the target problem in analogical transfer?
,- ANSWER The problem the participant is trying to solve, which shares some
similarities with the source problem.
9. What is analogical transfer?
- ANSWER A cognitive process where knowledge from one problem (source
problem) is applied to solve another problem (target problem).
10. What is the Tower of Hanoi Problem?
- ANSWER A problem used to illustrate the Newell-Simon approach to
problem-solving.
11. What does the Tower of Hanoi Problem involve?
- ANSWER Moving discs from an initial state to a goal state using specified
rules and operators.
12. What does tDCS stand for?
- ANSWER Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
13. What is the purpose of tDCS?
- ANSWER To stimulate the brain using electrodes to deliver direct current.
14. How does tDCS influence neurons?
- ANSWER It influences the excitability of neurons in specific areas.
15. What does the Two-string Problem illustrate?
- ANSWER Functional fixedness
16. What is functional fixedness?
- ANSWER The difficulty of using an object in a way other than its conventional
use.
17. What is the challenge presented by the Two-string Problem?
Tying two distant strings together.
,18. How does an individual solve problems using the Gestalt approach?
By picturing the problem in one's mind and then representing it in a different way.
19. How do individuals solve the Tower of Hanoi problem?
By implementing means-end analysis, individuals move discs from one set of pegs
to another between the initial and goal states by creating subgoals.
A brother and sister are arguing over who should get the last slice of pizza.
20. How do siblings use the trade-off strategy to decide who gets the last piece of
pizza?
The brother realizes that he was the pepperoni topping and his sister wants just
the crust, so he takes the pepperoni and she takes the crust.
A team of computer programmers is trying to find a solution to fix a problem with
their company's email system. After working on the problem for several hours,
they have yet to solve it.
21. How can the programmers use incubation to solve the problem?
The programmers agree to take a two-hour lunch break, and once they return,
they come up with several possible solutions.
22. What is bottom-up processing?
A type of processing in perception that involves analyzing information from the
environment.
23. How does bottom-up processing work?
It builds up to a perception based on sensory input.
24. Computer-vision System
A system designed to perceive and recognize objects and scenes using computer
processing.
25. What is another term for the 'where pathway' in the brain?
, Dorsal Pathway
Which lobes are connected by the dorsal pathway?
Occipital lobe and parietal lobe
What is the primary function of the dorsal pathway?
Determining an object's location and coordinating actions toward it
What does the Gestalt Approach emphasize?
Built-in principles of organization in perception.
What did Gestalt psychologists argue about principles of organization?
They could override past experiences.
What type of processing is central to the Gestalt Approach?
Bottom-up processing in perception.
Who proposed the Theory of Unconscious Inference?
Hermann von Helmholtz
What does Helmholtz's Theory of Unconscious Inference suggest about
perception?
Perception involves unconscious assumptions or inferences based on past
experiences.
What is the Likelihood Principle?
It is the idea that the perceptual system 'decides' what object caused a pattern of
stimuli based on the likelihood of that object producing the pattern.
Who proposed the Likelihood Principle?
Hermann von Helmholtz
What are mirror neurons?
Exam Questions With Reviewed 100%
Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!
1. What is a mental set?
- ANSWER A preconceived notion about how to approach a problem.
2. What influences a mental set?
- ANSWER Past experiences and preconceptions about object functions.
3. What is the definition of Problem Space?
- ANSWER The set of all possible states in a problem-solving process.
4. What types of states are included in a Problem Space?
- ANSWER Initial, goal, and intermediate states.
5. What is restructuring in psychology?
- ANSWER A process involving a change in the representation of a problem
leading to a solution.
6. Which psychologists emphasized the concept of restructuring?
- ANSWER Gestalt psychologists.
7. Does restructuring rely on mathematical equations?
- ANSWER No, it does not rely on mathematical equations.
8. What is the target problem in analogical transfer?
,- ANSWER The problem the participant is trying to solve, which shares some
similarities with the source problem.
9. What is analogical transfer?
- ANSWER A cognitive process where knowledge from one problem (source
problem) is applied to solve another problem (target problem).
10. What is the Tower of Hanoi Problem?
- ANSWER A problem used to illustrate the Newell-Simon approach to
problem-solving.
11. What does the Tower of Hanoi Problem involve?
- ANSWER Moving discs from an initial state to a goal state using specified
rules and operators.
12. What does tDCS stand for?
- ANSWER Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
13. What is the purpose of tDCS?
- ANSWER To stimulate the brain using electrodes to deliver direct current.
14. How does tDCS influence neurons?
- ANSWER It influences the excitability of neurons in specific areas.
15. What does the Two-string Problem illustrate?
- ANSWER Functional fixedness
16. What is functional fixedness?
- ANSWER The difficulty of using an object in a way other than its conventional
use.
17. What is the challenge presented by the Two-string Problem?
Tying two distant strings together.
,18. How does an individual solve problems using the Gestalt approach?
By picturing the problem in one's mind and then representing it in a different way.
19. How do individuals solve the Tower of Hanoi problem?
By implementing means-end analysis, individuals move discs from one set of pegs
to another between the initial and goal states by creating subgoals.
A brother and sister are arguing over who should get the last slice of pizza.
20. How do siblings use the trade-off strategy to decide who gets the last piece of
pizza?
The brother realizes that he was the pepperoni topping and his sister wants just
the crust, so he takes the pepperoni and she takes the crust.
A team of computer programmers is trying to find a solution to fix a problem with
their company's email system. After working on the problem for several hours,
they have yet to solve it.
21. How can the programmers use incubation to solve the problem?
The programmers agree to take a two-hour lunch break, and once they return,
they come up with several possible solutions.
22. What is bottom-up processing?
A type of processing in perception that involves analyzing information from the
environment.
23. How does bottom-up processing work?
It builds up to a perception based on sensory input.
24. Computer-vision System
A system designed to perceive and recognize objects and scenes using computer
processing.
25. What is another term for the 'where pathway' in the brain?
, Dorsal Pathway
Which lobes are connected by the dorsal pathway?
Occipital lobe and parietal lobe
What is the primary function of the dorsal pathway?
Determining an object's location and coordinating actions toward it
What does the Gestalt Approach emphasize?
Built-in principles of organization in perception.
What did Gestalt psychologists argue about principles of organization?
They could override past experiences.
What type of processing is central to the Gestalt Approach?
Bottom-up processing in perception.
Who proposed the Theory of Unconscious Inference?
Hermann von Helmholtz
What does Helmholtz's Theory of Unconscious Inference suggest about
perception?
Perception involves unconscious assumptions or inferences based on past
experiences.
What is the Likelihood Principle?
It is the idea that the perceptual system 'decides' what object caused a pattern of
stimuli based on the likelihood of that object producing the pattern.
Who proposed the Likelihood Principle?
Hermann von Helmholtz
What are mirror neurons?
