PALS Final Review exam 2025 with 100%
correct answers
A 7-month-old patient presents with supraventricular tachycardia. The patient is
hemodynamically stable. The best method of a vagal maneuver is: - correct
answerApplication of a cold stimulus to the face (e.g., a washcloth soaked in iced water,
cold pack, or crushed ice mixed with water in a plastic bag or glove) for up to 10
seconds.
A child with an upper airway obstruction caused by infection-induced edema should not
receive suction and instead be placed in a comfortable position and given what
medication? - correct answerNebulized e
A consideration of treatment for a pediatric patient with acute fulminant myocarditis who
is in cardiac arrest or at a high risk of cardiac arrest is: - correct answerExtracorporeal
membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
A diagnostic test that shows acidosis, tissue hypoxia, anaerobic respiration, and/or high
glucose is: - correct answerArterial lactate
A mnemonic that aids in performing a primary assessment is: - correct answerABCDE
A sign of congestive heart failure with SVT is: - correct answerDistended jugular veins
indicate congestive heart failure.
After administering two fluid boluses to a patient who was initially hypotensive, the
patient is still extremely lethargic. What would your next diagnostic test be? - correct
answerglucose
An accepted initial therapy for a patient with suspected croup is: - correct
answerNebulized epinephrine
An effective, non-invasive method of detecting hypoxia is _____________. - correct
answerpulse oximetry
Anemic hypoxia results from: - correct answerAnemic hypoxia results from the amount
of functional hemoglobin is too small, and hence the capacity of the blood to carry
oxygen is too low
Atropine is indicated for: - correct answerSymptomatic bradycardia
Cardiogenic shock results from: - correct answerPoor heart contractions
, Children's demand for oxygen is ___________ adults. - correct answergreater
Consideration for _____________ through devices such as BiPAP or CPAP is indicated
for infants or children with suspected lung tissue disease. - correct answerContinuous
PEEP
Define shock: - correct answerWhen oxygen and nutrient supply to body tissue is
insufficient compared to metabolic tissue needs
Define tachypnea: - correct answerTachypnea is defined as an elevated breathing rate
for age
Distributive shock results from: - correct answerabnormal distribution of blood
During a resuscitation, it is important that all members of the team understand the
concept of: - correct answerEach member of the team caring for a pediatric patient must
understand his role and the role of other members. In most pediatric resuscitation
efforts, there is one team leader who will ensure that everything gets done by the right
person at the right time.
Emergently using a paralytic agent such as succinylcholine for securing the airway in a
pediatric patient may cause bradycardia. What medication and dose would you provide
as a premedication for the possible development of bradycardia? - correct
answerAtropine 0.02 mg/kg IV
How do children's metabolic rates compare to adults'? - correct answerhigher
Hypoxemic ischemia results from: - correct answercaused by arterial or arteriolar
obstruction or vasoconstriction
If bradycardia is the result of a complete heart block or an abnormal sinus node
function, what therapy is recommended? - correct answercardiac pacing
Infection of the central nervous system (CNS) can cause hypoventilation or
__________. - correct answerApnea
Mikey, a 2-year-old boy, is sitting upright on a hospital bed in room 3 of your emergency
department. Your initial impression from the door does not raise immediate concern. On
your entry to the room, you are able to look at Mikey more closely and notice on
inhalation his nostrils are flaring. This is a sign of: - correct answerRespiratory distress
Septic shock is common in children because: - correct answerThey have an
underdeveloped immune system and have difficulty fighting infections
Sinus tachycardia occurs in response to an increased need for oxygen and cardiac
output. A common cause of sinus tachycardia include: - correct answerTissue hypoxia
correct answers
A 7-month-old patient presents with supraventricular tachycardia. The patient is
hemodynamically stable. The best method of a vagal maneuver is: - correct
answerApplication of a cold stimulus to the face (e.g., a washcloth soaked in iced water,
cold pack, or crushed ice mixed with water in a plastic bag or glove) for up to 10
seconds.
A child with an upper airway obstruction caused by infection-induced edema should not
receive suction and instead be placed in a comfortable position and given what
medication? - correct answerNebulized e
A consideration of treatment for a pediatric patient with acute fulminant myocarditis who
is in cardiac arrest or at a high risk of cardiac arrest is: - correct answerExtracorporeal
membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
A diagnostic test that shows acidosis, tissue hypoxia, anaerobic respiration, and/or high
glucose is: - correct answerArterial lactate
A mnemonic that aids in performing a primary assessment is: - correct answerABCDE
A sign of congestive heart failure with SVT is: - correct answerDistended jugular veins
indicate congestive heart failure.
After administering two fluid boluses to a patient who was initially hypotensive, the
patient is still extremely lethargic. What would your next diagnostic test be? - correct
answerglucose
An accepted initial therapy for a patient with suspected croup is: - correct
answerNebulized epinephrine
An effective, non-invasive method of detecting hypoxia is _____________. - correct
answerpulse oximetry
Anemic hypoxia results from: - correct answerAnemic hypoxia results from the amount
of functional hemoglobin is too small, and hence the capacity of the blood to carry
oxygen is too low
Atropine is indicated for: - correct answerSymptomatic bradycardia
Cardiogenic shock results from: - correct answerPoor heart contractions
, Children's demand for oxygen is ___________ adults. - correct answergreater
Consideration for _____________ through devices such as BiPAP or CPAP is indicated
for infants or children with suspected lung tissue disease. - correct answerContinuous
PEEP
Define shock: - correct answerWhen oxygen and nutrient supply to body tissue is
insufficient compared to metabolic tissue needs
Define tachypnea: - correct answerTachypnea is defined as an elevated breathing rate
for age
Distributive shock results from: - correct answerabnormal distribution of blood
During a resuscitation, it is important that all members of the team understand the
concept of: - correct answerEach member of the team caring for a pediatric patient must
understand his role and the role of other members. In most pediatric resuscitation
efforts, there is one team leader who will ensure that everything gets done by the right
person at the right time.
Emergently using a paralytic agent such as succinylcholine for securing the airway in a
pediatric patient may cause bradycardia. What medication and dose would you provide
as a premedication for the possible development of bradycardia? - correct
answerAtropine 0.02 mg/kg IV
How do children's metabolic rates compare to adults'? - correct answerhigher
Hypoxemic ischemia results from: - correct answercaused by arterial or arteriolar
obstruction or vasoconstriction
If bradycardia is the result of a complete heart block or an abnormal sinus node
function, what therapy is recommended? - correct answercardiac pacing
Infection of the central nervous system (CNS) can cause hypoventilation or
__________. - correct answerApnea
Mikey, a 2-year-old boy, is sitting upright on a hospital bed in room 3 of your emergency
department. Your initial impression from the door does not raise immediate concern. On
your entry to the room, you are able to look at Mikey more closely and notice on
inhalation his nostrils are flaring. This is a sign of: - correct answerRespiratory distress
Septic shock is common in children because: - correct answerThey have an
underdeveloped immune system and have difficulty fighting infections
Sinus tachycardia occurs in response to an increased need for oxygen and cardiac
output. A common cause of sinus tachycardia include: - correct answerTissue hypoxia
